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  • Ponary

    Media Essay

    The German army occupied Vilna (Vilnius), Lithuania, on June 24, 1941. The following month, German Einsatzgruppen and their Lithuanian auxiliaries murdered thousands of Jewish residents of Vilna at a killing site in the Ponary (Paneriai) Forest, southwest of Vilna. By the end of 1941, Einsatzgruppen had killed about 40,000 Jews in Ponary. By July 1944, perhaps as many as 75,000 people had been killed at the site, the vast majority of them Jews. These photographs and narratives shed light on the Vilna…

    Ponary
  • German passport issued to Alice "Sara" Mayer (inside)

    Document

    A German passport issued to Alice Mayer on February 24, 1939, in Bingen, Germany. Mayer's daughter, Ellen, is also listed on the passport. Both mother and daughter's names include the middle name "Sara." This middle name became a mandatory addition required by a law of August 17, 1938. Thereafter, all Jewish women in Germany with a first name of "non-Jewish" origin had to add "Sara" as a middle name on all official documents. Jewish men had to add the name "Israel". This enabled German officials to…

    German passport issued to Alice "Sara" Mayer (inside)
  • 1934: Key Dates

    Article

    Explore a timeline of key events in Nazi Germany during 1934.

    Tags: key dates
    1934: Key Dates
  • Theresienstadt: Other Prisoners

    Article

    Learn more about the fate of Jewish prisoners that were deported to Theresienstadt from places other than the Greater German Reich or the Protectorate.

    Theresienstadt: Other Prisoners
  • Exodus 1947

    Article

    The plight of Jewish refugees aboard the Exodus 1947 captured the world's attention and symbolized the struggle for unrestricted immigration into Palestine.

    Exodus 1947
  • Norway

    Article

    Germany invaded Norway on April 9, 1940. Read more about this invasion, the collaborator Vidkun Quisling, and the tragic fate of Norway’s Jews.

    Norway
  • Encircling the Ruhr

    Article

    Encircling the Ruhr region was a key Allied military goal. Learn about the military campaign to capture the industrial center of western Germany in the last months of WWII.

    Encircling the Ruhr
  • Bernard Druskin

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Bernard Druskin.

    Bernard Druskin
  • Sam Lato

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Sam Lato.

    Sam Lato
  • View of a burial site in Nyanza, Rwanda

    Photo

    Nyanza is a site near Kigali, Rwanda, where several thousand people were executed after being marched from the Belgian Technical School in April 1994. At the school, they had been under the protection of UN peacekeepers until the soldiers were recalled to the airport to help evacuate expatriates. This is one of the few sites where victims had the honor of individual burial; most often they were buried together in large graves. Photograph taken on November 24, 2007. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

    View of a burial site in Nyanza, Rwanda

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