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In October 1940, Nazi authorities established the Warsaw ghetto. Learn more about life in the ghetto, deportations, armed resistance, and liberation.
The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising, and first urban uprising in German-occupied Europe.
The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest uprising by Jews during World War II. 100s of ghetto fighters fought heavily armed and well-trained Germans for nearly a month.
The 1944 Warsaw uprising was the single largest military effort undertaken by resistance forces to oppose German occupation during World War II.
At its height, the Warsaw ghetto held over 400,000 people living in horrendous and worsening conditions. Learn about deportations both to and from the ghetto.
During World War II, the Germans established ghettos where Jews were forced to live in miserable conditions. In October 1940, a ghetto was established in Warsaw, Poland. Before the war, Warsaw had the largest Jewish community in Europe. At its heigh...
View an animated map showing key events in the history of the Warsaw ghetto, the largest ghetto established by the Germans in occupied Europe.
German troops invaded Poland in September 1939. The city of Warsaw suffered heavy air attacks and artillery shelling, causing massive destruction.
German troops reached parts of Warsaw on September 8 and 9, 1939. During the German siege of Warsaw, the city sustained heavy damage from air attacks and artillery shelling. Warsaw surrendered on September 28. Here, German troops occupy Warsaw. This footage comes from "Tale of a City," a film made by a Polish underground film unit.
Before World War II, Warsaw was a major center of Jewish life and culture in Poland. Browse articles describing the German invasion, the Warsaw ghetto, deportations, and resistance.
Men, women, and children dig defense ditches during the German siege of Warsaw. Poland, September 1939.
Following the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, Warsaw suffered heavy air attacks and artillery bombardment. German troops entered the city on September 29, shortly after its surrender. This photograph was taken by Julien Bryan, an American documentary filmmaker who captured the German bombardment and its impact on the Polish citizenry. Warsaw, Poland, ca. 1939.
A Jewish man attempts to make a living by playing music on a gramophone, which he wheels around in an old baby carriage. Warsaw ghetto, Poland, wartime.
A view of the wall surrounding the ruins of the Warsaw ghetto in German-occupied Poland a few months after the ghetto's destruction. Photograph taken ca. June-October 1943.
An underground bunker, built by Jews in Warsaw in preparation for anti-Nazi resistance. This photograph shows cooking facilities in a bunker. Jews hid in bunkers while the Germans systematically destroyed the ghetto during the uprising. Warsaw, Poland, April 19–May 16, 1943.
The Germans established a ghetto in Warsaw in October 1940. All of Warsaw's Jews were required to live in the ghetto, which was sealed off from the rest of the city. Overcrowding, minimal rations, and unsanitary conditions led to disease, starvati...
Entrance to the Warsaw ghetto. The sign states: "Epidemic Quarantine Area: Only Through Traffic is Permitted." Warsaw, Poland, February 1941.
A Polish policeman checks the papers of a Jewish resident of the Warsaw ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, February 1941.
Deportation of Jewish women from the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1942-1943.
The city of Warsaw is the capital of Poland. Before World War II, Warsaw was the center of Jewish life and culture in Poland. Warsaw's prewar Jewish population of more than 350,000 constituted about 30 percent of the city's total population. The Warsaw Jewish community was the largest in both Poland and Europe, and was the second largest in the world, behind that of New York City. The Germans occupied Warsaw on September 29, 1939. In October 1940, the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in…
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