Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini (center) with aides and supporters. They are wearing the attire which gave them the name of blackshirts. Italy, 1920s.
Item ViewA building in Rome, Italy, used as Gestapo (secret state police) headquarters during the German occupation. This photograph was taken after US forces liberated the city. Rome, Italy, June 1944.
Item ViewRita Rosani, a former school teacher who joined the Italian armed resistance immediately upon the German occupation of Italy. She was killed near Verona on September 17, 1944, when her unit was surrounded. Trieste, Italy, 1940.
Item ViewFalse identity card of Jewish partisan Vittorio Finzi, issued in the name of Vittorio Rossi. Italy, wartime.
Item ViewAn Italian Jew who survived the war by disguising himself as a priest and living in the Vatican from October 1943 to June 1944. A number of Jews were able to seek refuge in religious houses throughout Rome, including in the Vatican. Rome, Italy, 1943-1944.
Item ViewClass photograph of students at the San Leone Magno Fratelli Maristi boarding school in Rome. Pictured in the top row at the far right is Zigmund Krauthamer, a Jewish child who was being hidden at the school. Rome, Italy, 1943–44.
Item ViewJewish women and children from Yugoslavia arrive at the camp on Rab island. The Italians concentrated Jews on Rab, which protected them from the Germans. Rab, Yugoslavia, summer 1943.
Item ViewJewish inmates in their barracks at the Italian concentration camp Ferramonti di Tarsia. Italy, between 1940 and 1943.
Item ViewDuring a visit to Germany, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (back to camera) speaks with (left to right): SS chief Heinrich Himmler; Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels; and Nazi governor of Poland Hans Frank. Germany, 1941.
Item ViewAxis leaders Adolf Hitler and Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini meet in Munich, Germany, 1940.
Item ViewA gathering of Jewish youth from Rhodes. Rhodes, photograph taken between 1940 and 1944.
Item ViewBenito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler stand together on an reviewing stand during a official visit to occupied Yugoslavia, 1941–43.
Item ViewThousands gather at the Roman Forum to listen to a speech by Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini. Rome, Italy, April 12, 1934.
Item ViewWe would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors.