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Vladka and Benjamin Meed (center) with President Jimmy Carter at a White House Rose Garden ceremony marking the official presentation of the report of the US Holocaust Commission to the president by commission chairman Elie Wiesel. Washington, DC, September 27, 1979.
SS chief Heinrich Himmler (front row, left) and Mauthausen commandant Franz Ziereis (second from left) inspect inspect the Wiener Graben quarry during an official tour of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, April 27, 1941.
Vladka Meed shakes the hand of President Jimmy Carter at a White House Rose Garden ceremony. The ceremony marked the official presentation of the report of the US Holocaust Commission to the president by commission chairman Elie Wiesel (second from right, with Benjamin Meed, center). Washington, DC, September 27, 1979.
Portrait of Robert T. Odeman, author and actor who was imprisoned in 1937 for 27 months for homosexuality. In 1942, he was deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp where he was a prisoner for three years. Berlin, Germany, before 1937.
Refugees crowd the rail of the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Josiah Wedgewood, anchored at the Haifa port. British soldiers transported the passengers to the Athlit internment center. Palestine, June 27, 1946.
The Mechelen camp, halfway between Antwerp and Brussels, was a transit camp for the deportation of Jews from Belgium during the Holocaust.
In August 1941, Kamenets-Podolsk became the site of a mass killing of Jews. This was one of the first large-scale mass murders of the Final Solution.
Learn about the administration and commandants of the Auschwitz camp complex in German-occupied Poland.
After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Bad Reichenhall DP camp.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Walter Marx.
Polish civilians under SS and Selbstschutz (ethnic German self-defense organization) guard are forced to dig a mass grave prior to their execution in the forest near Tuchola. Tuchola Forest, Bydgoszcz, Poland, October 27, 1939.
The 10th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating a subcamp of Dachau in 1945.
The 12th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating a subcamp of Dachau in 1945.
The 86th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating Attendorn, a civilian forced-labor camp, in 1945.
Eleanor Roosevelt, longest serving First Lady in US history, used her social and political influence to intervene on behalf of refugees before and during WWII.
Listing of the 24 leading Nazi officials indicted at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Learn about the defendants and the charges against them.
Robert Ritter was a German doctor whose work helped drive the development of the Nazi regime’s anti-Romani policies of persecution and genocide.
Explore firsthand testimony about the occupation of Mlynów, the establishment of the ghetto, resistance activities, and the destruction of the ghetto.
The Moringen camp was one of the so-called youth protection camps that the Nazi regime established for young people who were alleged to have strayed from Nazi norms and ideals.
When WWII began, most Americans wanted the US to stay isolated from the war. From December 1941, the majority rallied in support of intervention to defeat the Axis powers.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was 32nd president of the US. Learn about the domestic and international challenges FDR faced as president during World War II.
Program for an evening performance sponsored by the Shanghai Jewish Club. The program included the play "The Day of His Return" and a concert of Jewish songs. On April 27, 1943, the day of this performance featuring Warsaw Jewish actress Raya Zomina, fierce fighting continued in the Warsaw ghetto between German troops and Jews who chose to resist Nazi efforts to liquidate the ghetto. Terrifying rumors about the Holocaust reached the Jewish refugees in Shanghai, but they did not receive reliable news or…
Cuban immigration papers issued to Ella Schatz, who had obtained passage aboard the Orinoco. On May 27, 1939, the Orinoco left Hamburg with 200 passengers bound for Cuba. Informed by radio of the difficulties other ships carrying refugees were facing in Havana, the captain of the Orinoco diverted the ship to waters just off Cherbourg, France, where it remained for days. The 200 refugees ultimately returned to Germany in June 1939. Their fate remains unknown.
In 1933, the Nazis established the Hainichen labor camp in Sachsen, Germany. Learn more about the camp, its closing, and the prisoners.
We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors.