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The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, 1807-1924
MapFounded by ethnic Turks in 1299, the Ottoman Empire took its name from Osman I, the leader of what was initially a small principality in northwestern Anatolia (Asia Minor). Over the course of the next six centuries, Ottoman rule expanded across much of the Mediterranean Basin. At the height of its power under Suleiman the Magnificent (1494-1566), the Ottoman Empire represented a vast multilingual and multiethnic realm encompassing southeastern Europe, North and East Africa, Western Asia, and the Caucasus.…
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Lublin/Majdanek Concentration Camp System
MapLublin/Majdanek camp system showing the main camp and subcamps.
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Gino Bartali - Maps
Media EssayGino Bartali was an Italian cyclist who won the Tour de France in 1938 and 1948. During World War II, he used his cycling career as a cover to aid in the rescue of Jews. Risking his life if caught, Bartali cycled far distances to deliver false identity cards and secret documents. His efforts helped save hundreds of Jews seeking refuge from other countries in Europe.
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Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country - Photographs
Media EssayApproximately 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe in 1933, the year Hitler came to power. This number represented 1.7% of Europe's total population and more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population. By 1945, most European Jews—2 out of every...
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Lodz - Photographs
Media EssayGerman troops occupied Lodz one week after Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. In February 1940, the Germans established a ghetto there, first confining 160,000 Jews into a small area and later deporting Jews and Roma (Gypsies) there as w...
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Lodz - ID Cards/Oral Histories
Media EssayGerman troops occupied Lodz one week after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. In early 1940, the Germans established a ghetto in the northeast section of the city. More than 20 percent of the ghetto's population died as a direct result of i...
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Kovno - ID Cards/Oral Histories
Media EssayGermany occupied Kovno, Lithuania on June 24, 1941. Within six months, German Einsatzgruppe detachments and Lithuanian collaborations had murdered half of the city's Jews. Between July and August 15, 1941, German authorities concentrated some 29,000 of Kovno's Jews into a ghetto. Learn about the experiences of Jews in Kovno after Germany occupied the city.