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German soldiers burn residential buildings to the ground, one by one, during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Poland, April 19-May 16, 1943.
German soldiers lead Jews captured during the Warsaw ghetto uprising to the assembly point for deportation. Poland, May 1943.
Jews captured during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Poland, April 19–May 16, 1943.
Deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto during the ghetto uprising. The original German caption reads: "To the Umschlagplatz." Warsaw, Poland, May 1943.
The Black Wall, between Block 10 (left) and Block 11 (right) in the Auschwitz concentration camp, where executions of inmates took place. Poland, date unknown.
Aerial photograph of the Auschwitz III (Monowitz) camp, which was adjacent to the I.G. Farben plant. The photograph was taken following US bombing missions. Poland, January 14, 1945.
Saluting Germans greet Adolf Hitler (standing at front of car) as he enters Danzig. The Danzig District was incorporated into Greater Germany following the invasion of Poland. Danzig, September 19, 1939.
Adolf Hitler addresses German officers after the occupation of Danzig. Even before the surrender of Poland, Hitler affirmed the incorporation of the Danzig District into the Greater German Reich. Danzig, September 19, 1939.
Suitcases that belonged to people deported to the Auschwitz camp. This photograph was taken after Soviet forces liberated the camp. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 1945.
Soviet prisoners of war, survivors of the Majdanek camp, at the camp's liberation. Poland, July 1944. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
View of the furnaces remaining in the Majdanek camp by the time of liberation. The Germans had attempted to destroy the building as Soviet forces advanced in 1944. Majdanek, Poland, after July 22, 1944.
Under guard, Jewish men, women, and children board trains during deportation from Siedlce to the Treblinka killing center. Siedlce, Poland, August 1942.
Train station near the Treblinka killing center. This photo was found in an album belonging to camp commandant Kurt Franz. Poland, 1942-1943.
Postwar photo of a church in the village of Chelmno. Jews were kept in this building en route to the Chelmno killing center. Chelmno, Poland, June 1945.
A view of the Westerbork camp, the Netherlands, between 1940 and 1945. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland.
Train station in the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, between 1942 and 1944. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland.
Austrian police round up Romani (Gypsy) families from Vienna for deportation to Poland. Austria, September-December 1939.
Identification pictures of a prisoner, accused of homosexuality, who arrived at the Auschwitz camp on June 6, 1941. He died there a year later. Auschwitz, Poland.
Identification pictures of a prisoner, accused of homosexuality, recently arrived at the Auschwitz camp. Auschwitz, Poland, between 1940 and 1945.
Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, Jewish council chairman in the Lodz ghetto, seen here speaking amongst Jewish ghetto policemen. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1942.
Jews in the Lodz ghetto line up outside the labor office of the Jewish council in the hopes of finding employment outside the ghetto. Lodz, Poland, between 1941 and 1943.
Jan Karski, underground courier for the Polish government-in-exile, informed the West in the fall of 1942 about Nazi atrocities against Jews taking place in Poland. Washington, DC, United States, 1943.
Footbridge over Chlodna Street, connecting two parts of the Warsaw ghetto. The street below was not part of the ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, date uncertain.
The footbridge over Zgierska Street that joined the two parts of the Lodz ghetto. The street itself was not part of the ghetto. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1941.
Aerial photograph showing the gas chambers and crematoria 2 and 3 at the Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) killing center. Auschwitz, Poland, August 25, 1944.
One of many warehouses at Auschwitz in which the Germans stored clothing belonging taken from victims of the camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 1945.
Jews assembled in the Siedlce ghetto during a deportation are forced to march toward the railway station. Siedlce, Poland, August 21–24, 1942.
Deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto. Jews from the ghetto board a deportation train with the assistance of Jewish police. Warsaw, Poland, 1943.
Juergen Stroop (third from left), SS commander who crushed the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw, Poland, between April 19 and May 16, 1943.
German soldiers capture Jews hiding in a bunker during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw, Poland, April–May 1943.
Portrait of Asael Bielski, a founder of the Bielski brothers' Jewish partisan unit in Naliboki forest. He was killed on the Soviet front in 1944. Novogrudok, Poland, before 1941.
Group portrait of members of the Hashomer Hatzair socialist Zionist youth movement. Pictured in the back row, left to right, are: Tzvi Braun, Shifra Sokolka and Mordechai Anielewicz. Seated in front are Moshe Domb and Rachel Zilberberg ("Sarenka"). Warsaw, Poland, 1938.
Portrait of Josef Kaplan. Kaplan was a youth movement leader. He was also a leader of the Warsaw ghetto underground and Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB). He was caught preparing forged documents and was killed. Poland, before September 1942.
Cover of an underground Yiddish newspaper, Jugend Shtimme (Voice of Youth). Writing on the bottom of the cover reads: "Fascism must be smashed." Warsaw ghetto, Poland, January–February 1941.
German police guard a group of Roma (Gypsies) who have been rounded up for deportation to Poland. Germany, 1940–45.
Close-up street portrait of Dawid Samoszul, probably taken in Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland, between 1936 and 1938. Dawid was killed in the Treblinka killing center at the age of 9.
Dugouts which served as living quarters for prisoners in Stalag 319—a Nazi-built camp for Soviet prisoners of war. Chelm, Poland,1941–44.
Sack of wood flour (finely powdered wood or sawdust) used to make substitute bread. The official ration of this "bread" for Soviet prisoners of war was less than 5 ounces a day. Deblin, Poland, 1942 or 1943.
The entrance to the gas chamber in Auschwitz I, where Zyklon B was tested on Soviet prisoners of war. The building in the background is a hospital for SS members. Auschwitz, Poland, date uncertain.
Family members say goodbye to a child through a fence at the ghetto's central prison where children, the sick, and the elderly were held before deportation to Chelmno during the "Gehsperre" action. Lodz, Poland, September 1942.
Main entrance to the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center. This photograph was taken some time after the liberation of the camp in January 1945. Poland, date uncertain.
Graduates of the Piotrkow Trybunalski Hebrew Gymnasium (Jewish high school). Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland, 1929.
Polish civilians walk by a section of the wall that separated the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city. Warsaw, Poland, 1940–41.
A German policeman interrogates a Jewish man accused of trying to smuggle a loaf of bread into the Warsaw ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, 1942-1943.
Jews rounded up during the Warsaw ghetto uprising are forced to march to the assembly point for deportation. Warsaw, Poland, April or May 1943.
Jews carrying their possessions during deportation to the Chelmno killing center. Most of the people seen here had previously been deported to Lodz from central Europe. Lodz, Poland, January–April 1942.
The motto of Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Lodz ghetto Jewish council: "Our only path [to survival] is [through] work." Lodz, Poland, wartime.
Jewish women at forced labor in a sewing workshop in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, between 1940 and 1944.
Soon after liberation, a Soviet physician examines Auschwitz camp survivors. Poland, February 18, 1945. This photograph is a still image from Soviet film of the liberation of Auschwitz.
Amalie Petranka (later Salsitz) at 22 years of age. She gave this photo to Norman Salsitz shortly after they met. Photograph taken in Stanislawow, Poland, on October 10, 1939.
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