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Survivors faced huge obstacles in rebuilding their lives after the devastation of the Holocaust years. Learn about some of the challenges they faced.
The Kielce pogrom was a violent massacre in the town of Kielce, Poland in 1946. Learn more about the events that led up to the attack and the aftermath.
Survivors in a barracks at the Wöbbelin concentration camp. Germany, May 4–5, 1945.
Survivors in Langenstein after the camp was liberated by the 83rd Infantry Division. Langenstein, Germany, April 17, 1945.
Survivors of the Ampfing subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp soon after liberation by US troops. Ampfing, Germany, May 4, 1945.
Emaciated survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp soon after the liberation of the camp. Germany, after April 11, 1945.
Soon after liberation, a camp survivor receives medical care. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
A survivor in Wöbbelin. The soldier in the foreground of the photograph wears the insignia of the 8th Infantry Division. Along with the 82nd Airborne Division, on May 2, 1945, the 8th Infantry Division encountered the Wöbbelin camp. Germany, May 4-5, 1945.
Emaciated survivors in the Ebensee subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp suck on sugar cubes provided by US soldiers upon the liberation of the camp. Photograph taken by Signal Corps photographer J Malan Heslop. Ebensee, Austria, May 8, 1945.
Survivors of the Ebensee subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Ebensee, Austria, May 8, 1945.
Jewish female survivors at a convalescent home. Sweden, 1946.
Emaciated survivors of the Mauthausen concentration camp soon after the liberation of the camp. Austria, May 1945.
Survivors waiting for to be evacuated from the Wöbbelin concentration camp to receive medical attention at a field hospital. Germany, May 4, 1945.
Survivors in Wöbbelin board trucks for evacuation from the camp to an American field hospital for medical attention. Germany, May 4–5, 1945.
Soon after liberation, British medical officers begin disinfection of camp survivors. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, May 1945.
Soon after liberation, camp survivors wait for rations of potato soup. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, April 28, 1945.
Women survivors huddled in a prisoner barracks shortly after Soviet forces liberated the Auschwitz camp. Auschwitz, Poland, 1945.
Survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp gather around trucks carrying American troops. Germany, May 1945.
Two survivors in front of the women's barracks in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, April 1945. © IWM (BU 3740)
Two survivors of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, located near Nordhausen. Germany, April 14, 1945.
A survivor of the Bergen-Belsen camp, photographed soon after liberation. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 12, 1945.
An survivor of the Bergen-Belsen camp, after liberation. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Young survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp soon after liberation. Germany, April-June 1945.
August 15, 1945. On this date, Alice Goldberger, a relief worker and Holocaust survivor, received some of the first children survivors to England
Ben Meed, President, American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors, standing in front of flags of the liberating divisions. This photograph was taken as he spoke at a ceremony held during the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Tribute to Holocaust Survivors: Reunion of a Special Family. This was one of the Museum's tenth anniversary events. Washington, DC, November 2003.
Survivors of the Wöbbelin camp wait for evacuation to an American field hospital where they will receive medical attention. Germany, May 4-6, 1945.
View of a ceremony held during the Museum's Tribute to Holocaust Survivors: Reunion of a Special Family, one of the United States Holocaust Museum's tenth anniversary events. Flags of the liberating divisions form the backdrop to the ceremony. Washington, DC, November 2003.
Four emaciated survivors sit outside in the newly liberated Ebensee concentration camp. Photograph taken by Signal Corps photographer J Malan Heslop. Ebensee, Austria, May 8, 1945.
A survivor of Kaufering IV, one of the Dachau subcamps in the Landsberg-Kaufering area, with US soldiers after liberation. Kaufering, Germany, after April 27, 1945.
Benjamin Meed, Elie Wiesel (second and third from left), and two children bury a time capsule during the Tribute to Holocaust Survivors: Reunion of a Special Family, one of the Museum's tenth anniversary events. Washington, DC, November 2003.
Escorted by US soldiers, child survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp file out of the main gate of the camp. Buchenwald, Germany, April 27, 1945.
This photograph taken soon after liberation shows young camp survivors from Buchenwald's "Children's Block 66"—a special barracks for children. Germany, after April 11, 1945.
Former prisoners of Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme, are taken to a hospital for medical attention. Germany, May 4, 1945.
Shortly after liberation, an emaciated concentration camp inmate stands between two members of the International Red Cross. Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, May 1945.
Children march out of Buchenwald to a nearby American field hospital where they will receive medical care. Buchenwald, Germany, April 27, 1945.
Soon after liberation, surviving children of the Auschwitz camp walk out of the children's barracks. Poland, after January 27, 1945.
A United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) worker with a survivor of the Buchenwald concentration camp after liberation. Germany, June 13, 1945. The mission of UNRRA was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who came under Allied control.
Soon after liberation, camp survivors cook in a field. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945. In the days before liberation, the prisoners had been left without food or water. An estimated 500 inmates per day died in the days preceding and following liberation.
Two emaciated female Jewish survivors of a death march lie in an American military field hospital in Volary, Czechoslovakia. Pictured on the left is seventeen-year-old Nadzi Rypsztajn.The original caption reads "This girl, only seventeen years old, was forced to march 18 miles a day for 30 days on one bowl of soup a day. The 5th Infantry Division of the U.S. Third Army found 150 in the same condition when they entered Volary, Czechoslovakia."
A US soldier tends to a former prisoner lying among corpses of victims at the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, near Nordhausen. Germany, after April 10, 1945.
Bonde Gaza, a Hungarian musician who survived the Gardelegen atrocity, demonstrates to American soldiers how he managed to escape from the barn which the SS had set on fire. Germany, April 14–18, 1945.
This photograph is a still from Soviet film footage of the liberation of Auschwitz. The film was made by the film unit of the First Ukrainian Front. Relief workers and Soviet soldiers lead child survivors of Auschwitz through a narrow passage between two barbed-wire fences. Standing next to the nurse and behind them (wearing white hats) are two sets of twin sisters. During the camp's years of operation, many children in Auschwitz were subjected to medical experiments by Nazi physician Josef Mengele.
Soviet military footage showing children who were liberated at Auschwitz by the Soviet army in January 1945.
Listen to excerpts from oral testimonies to learn from survivors themselves about their individuals experiences, actions, and choices.
Lt. Col. J.W. Branch, Chief Surgeon of the 6th Armored Division, provides medical care to a Hungarian survivor in Penig, a subcamp of Buchenwald. Penig, Germany, April 26, 1945.
Romani (Gypsy) survivors in a barracks of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during liberation. Germany, after April 15, 1945.
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