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August 17, 1938. On this date, the German government issued the Executive Order on the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names.
October 5, 1938. On this date, the Reich Ministry of the Interior invalidated all German Jews' passports and required them to have a "J" stamped on them.
November 8, 1937. On this date, Josef Goebbels and Julius Streitcher open an antisemitic exhibit named "Der Ewige Jude."
November 11, 1938. On this date, Robert Harlan wrote about what he witnessed during Kristallnacht.
March 14, 1938. On this date, Helen Baker documented what she witnessed when Germany annexed Austria. Helen and her husband Ross Baker were Americans living in Vienna.
March 11-13, 1938. On this date, German troops invaded and incorporated Austria into the German Reich. This event is known as the Anschluss.
July 6-15, 1938. On this date, delegates from 32 countries attended the Evian Conference in France to discuss the growing refugee crisis.
April 7, 1933. On this date, the German government issued the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service excluding Jews from civil service.
July 14, 1933. On this date, the German government passed the Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Diseases.
September 17, 1933. On this date, a central organization of German Jews was created to signify a unified response against Nazi persecution.
October 4, 1933. On this date, the German government enacted the Editors Law which forbade "non-Aryans" to work in journalism.
November 24, 1933. On this date, the German government issued the Law against the Dangerous Habitual Criminals, allowing indefinite imprisonment.
June 30-July 2, 1934. On this date, Adolf Hitler ordered the Röhm Purge (also known as the "Night of the Long Knives").
August 2, 1934. On this date, Adolf Hitler became President of Germany after Paul von Hindenburg's death.
August 19, 1934. On this date, Hitler abolished the office of President and declares himself as Führer, thus becoming the absolute dictator of Germany.
June 28, 1935. On this date, the German government revised Paragraphs 175 and 175a, facilitating the persecution of gay men and men accused of homosexuality.
April 1, 1935. On this date, the German government banned all Jehovah's Witness organizations.
May 29, 1938. On this date, Hungary adopted comprehensive anti-Jewish laws, excluding many Jews from professional work.
September 29-30, 1938. On this date, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France signed the Munich agreement, giving Germany the Sudetenland.
August 3, 1936. On this date, Jesse Owens won a gold medal in the 100-meter dash at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.
December 8, 1941. On this date, Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the US Congress to declare war on Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
November 15, 1940. On this date, German authorities ordered the Warsaw ghetto to be sealed.
December 8, 1941. On this date, killing operations began at the Chelmno killing center.
January 30, 1939. On this date, Adolf Hitler declared that the outbreak of war would mean the end of European Jewry.
September 1, 1939. On this date, Germany invaded Poland and initiated World War II in Europe.
November 24, 1941. On this date, German authorities established the camp-ghetto Theresienstadt in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
May 20, 1940. On this date, SS authorities established the Auschwitz concentration camp complex.
September 1, 1941. On this date, Reinhard Heydrich declared that all Jews aged 6 and over in the Third Reich must wear a yellow Star of David.
September 19, 1941. On this date, German forces entered Kyiv in Soviet Ukraine.
July 10-August 15, 1941. On this date, people confined to the Kovno ghetto created a secret archive to record their experiences.
May 13, 1939. On this date, the German transatlantic liner St. Louis left Hamburg, Germany for Havana, Cuba.
August 15, 1941. On this date, Heinrich Himmler inspected Soviet prisoners of war at a Nazi camp in Minsk, Belarus.
December 7, 1941. On this date, Japan attacked the United States Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
October 15, 1941. On this date, Walter Stahlecker submitted a report on the killing of Jewish civilians in the northwestern Soviet Union.
March 3-20, 1941. During these dates, German authorities announced, established, and sealed the Krakow ghetto.
June 22, 1941. On this date, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in "Operation Barbarossa," its largest military operation during WWII.
August 24, 1941. On this date, Adolf Hitler ordered the cessation of centrally coordinated "euthanasia" killings due to public protests.
October 15, 1941. On this date, German authorities began the deportation of Jews from central Europe to ghettos in occupied eastern territory..
October 15, 1941. On this date, Heinrich Himmler tasks SS Gen. Odilo Globocnik with implementing "Operation Reinhard."
August 21, 1940. On this date, Samuel Soltz's visa was stamped by Chiune Sugihara, the Japanese consul to Lithuania.
November 25, 1940. On this date, Egon Weiss survived the explosion of the SS Patria, which was carrying 1,800 Jewish refugees.
February 9, 1939. On this date, the Wagner-Rogers bill was introduced, ultimately unsuccessfully, to permit the entry of 20,000 European refugee children into the United States.
September 3, 1939. On this date, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany after the German invasion of Poland.
August 15, 1941. On this date, German authorities sealed approximately 30,000 Jews in the Kovno ghetto in Lithuania.
August 20, 1941. On this date, German authorities opened the Drancy internment and transit camp in France.
October 29, 1941. On this date, German SS and police and Lithuanian police murdered 9,200 residents of the Kovno ghetto in Fort IX, Lithuania.
April 4, 1945. On this date, US troops liberated Ohrdruf, a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp.
June 6, 1944. On this date, US, British, and Canadian troops land on the beaches of Normandy, France.
April 11, 1945. On this date, Buchenwald prisoners stormed the watchtower and seized control of the camp. US forces liberated the camp the same day.
September 5, 1942. On this date, Germans issued this poster announcing the death penalty for anyone found aiding Jews who fled the Warsaw ghetto.
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