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Nazi Racial Propaganda
PhotoNazi propaganda depicting two racial portraits of individuals considered non-Aryan. The original caption reads: "Then these are barely recognizable as human beings." Circa 1933–1943.
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Segregation in the United States
PhotoA segregated drinking fountain on the county courthouse lawn in Halifax, North Carolina. Photographed by John Vachon in April 1938.
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The Ku Klux Klan
PhotoThe Ku Klux Klan marches down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC. Photograph by Harris & Ewing, 1926.
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American cartoon responding to racism and the refugee crisis
PhotoCartoon depicting the United States' response to the refugee crisis in Europe, as well as the racism and discrimination African Americans faced at home. The Pittsburgh Courier, April 16, 1938. Page 10. Domestic concerns in the United States, including unemployment and national security, combined with prevalent antisemitism and racism, shaped America's immigration policies, responses to Nazism, and willingness to aid European Jews.
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German occupation of Poland
PhotoA German soldier guards a group of Poles and Jews who have been rounded-up and forced to stand in a line with their arms raised, Poland, September 1939.
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Destruction in Belarus
PhotoGerman troops view the burning of a village in the Rogachyevo district of Gomel, Belarus, 1941.
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German treatment of Soviet POWs
PhotoA German guard sitting on the end of a 20mm gun platform watches over 50,000 Soviet Prisoners of War (POWs) at Stalag 349, Ukraine, August 14, 1941.
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Display regarding the "Jewish Question"
PhotoA Hochheim parade float proceeds down the Kirchstrasse, passing by a display box for Der Stürmer, an antisemitic newspaper. The display box bears the slogan, "Without a solution to the Jewish question, there is no salvation for the German people." Hochheim am Main, Germany, circa 1934–1940.
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Adolf Hitler walks and converses in a group with other Nazis
PhotoAdolf Hitler (center) walks with other members of the Nazi Party, circa 1933–1934. Directly behind him is SA Chief of Staff Ernst Röhm, whom Hitler would order the SS to kill during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.
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Spectators cheer as Hitler leaves for the Reichstag
PhotoCheering spectators greet Hitler upon his departure for the Reichstag session at which the Enabling Act was passed. The act allowed the government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society.
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Prewar portrait of Dorrith Oppenheim
PhotoDorrith was born in Kassel, Germany, in December 1938. Her parents were Hans and Trudi Oppenheim. Following increased anti-Jewish measures, Dorrith was among the children sent on Kindertransports to find refuge in the United Kingdom. She left Germany on July 24, 1939. She never saw her parents again. They were deported to Auschwitz, where they perished in October 1944.
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SS troops enter the Kroll Opera House
PhotoOn the day of the vote on the so-called Enabling Act, the Nazi leadership sent SS troops into the makeshift Reichstag building, formerly the Kroll Opera, to intimidate other political parties. Berlin, Germany, March 23, 1933. The Enabling Act allowed the Reich government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society. The full name of the law was the “Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich.”
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Esther Lurie in Brussels
PhotoPhotograph of Esther Lurie and a friend, Jose, who were both students at the Institute of Art in Brussels. Here they are enjoying refreshments on an outdoor terrace in the early 1930s. Lurie would later flee Europe as war became imminent. Brussels, Belgium, 1931–1933.
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View of the Sobibor camp gate
PhotoView of the Sobibor camp gate in the spring of 1943. Jews deported to the Sobibor killing center were driven through the gate into the camp on foot, by truck or horse-drawn cart. The train track led through a separate entrance to the right onto the site. Pine branches were braided into the fence to make it difficult to see in from the outside. This image comes from an album and collection kept by Johann Niemann, who became deputy commandant of the Sobibor killing center after holding positions in the…
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SS personnel at the Sobibor killing center relax on a terrace
PhotoRare photograph showing Sobibor killing center personnel relaxing and posing, all while implementing the mass murder of at least 167,000 innocent Jews.
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View of the German living quarters at the Sobibor killing center
PhotoRare photograph showing a view of the German personnel living quarters at the entrance to the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland.
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View of the Sobibor killing center
PhotoRare image of the Sobibor killing center, taken from an album of photos belonging to Sobibor deputy camp commandant Johann Niemann.
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View of the Sobibor killing center
PhotoRare image of the site of the Sobibor killing center, taken from an album of photos belonging to Sobibor deputy camp commandant Johann Niemann.
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Johann Niemann at the Sobibor killing center
PhotoA group photograph including Johann Niemann in front of the old officers' dining room in the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland, spring 1943.
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Building that housed the officers' dining room at the Sobibor killing center
PhotoView of a building that served as a dining room for the Germans and as lodgings for the camp commanders at the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland.
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Art handlers hold a confiscated artwork by Emil Nolde
PhotoArt handlers at the Schloss Niederschoenhausen storage depot hold a section of Emil Nolde’s confiscated “Das Leben Christi,” 1937. The Nazi regime confiscated the work as "degenerate" art.
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Artworks confiscated by Nazi Germany
PhotoWorks of confiscated art—including those by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Vincent van Gogh—line the walls of the Schloss Niederschoenhausen storage depot. The Nazi regime confiscated the works as "degenerate" art.
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Beer Hall Putsch
PhotoTroops supporting Hitler arrive in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch on November 9, 1923.
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SA men parade down a city street during a Nazi rally
PhotoUniformed members of the SA parade down a city street in Duisburg during a Nazi rally, circa 1928.
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Hitler reviews passing Nazi Party members, 1923
PhotoAdolf Hitler, Julius Streicher, and other dignitaries review passing Nazi Party members at the Deutscher Tag (German Day) celebration in Nuremberg, September 02, 1923.
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SS officers and German nurses
PhotoSS officers and German nurses gather during the dedication ceremony of the new SS hospital in Auschwitz, September 1, 1944. Among those pictured are Karl Höcker, Josef Kramer, and SS-Hauptsturmführer Heinrich Schwarz.
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Nursing staff at the Hadamar "euthanasia" facility
PhotoSome of the nursing staff of the "euthanasia" clinic at Hadamar stand outside of the institution after the arrival of US forces, April 5, 1945. Irmgard Huber, the head nurse of the clinic, is probably the person standing fifth from the right. © IWM EA 62183
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The 800-meter race at the 1936 Olympic Games
PhotoRunners competing in the 800-meter race at the Olympic games in Berlin. In this photograph, American John Woodruff is just visible in the outside lane. He came from behind to win the race in 1:52.9 minutes. Source record ID: 95/73/12A.
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Cigarette card showing track and field athletes
PhotoCigarette card portraying some of the American track and field athletes who competed in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans. Cigarette cards were collectible cards often included in packages of cigarettes into the 1940s.
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American athletes Jesse Owens and Dave Albritton
PhotoAfrican American athletes Jesse Owens and Dave Albritton pose with a German citizen. They both competed in the 1936 Olympic Games. Albritton won the silver medal in high jump. Owens won gold medals in the 100-meter dash, 200-meter dash, broad (long) jump, and the 4x100-meter relay.
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Archie Williams at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin
PhotoAfrican American athlete Archie Williams competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter race. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans.
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Portrait of Janusz Korczak
PhotoPortrait of Janusz Korczak, a Polish Jewish doctor and author who ran a Jewish orphanage in Warsaw, circa 1930.
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Janusz Korczak poses with children and staff in his orphanage
PhotoJanusz Korczak (center) and Sabina Lejzerowicz (to his right) pose with children and younger staff in Korczak's orphanage in Warsaw, circa 1930-1939. Even as they were deported to their deaths at Treblinka in 1942, Korczak and his staff stayed by their children.
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Sculpture memorializing Janusz Korczak
PhotoA wall sculpture memorializing Polish Jewish doctor Janusz Korczak resides on the exterior of a teaching hospital that bears his name, Olsztyn, Poland.
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The Krochmalna Street Orphanage
PhotoExterior view of the Jewish orphanage run by Janusz Korczak. Established in 1912, the orphanage was located at 92 Krochmalna Street in Warsaw, Poland. Photo taken circa 1935.
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Propaganda depicting German children
PhotoIn this Nazi propaganda picture, young German children are shown eating a meal. The original caption reads: "Everything for the healthy child." Photo dated 1933–1943.
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Lebensborn program home
PhotoTwo photos showing the exterior and interior views of a Lebensborn home, circa 1933–1943.
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Two of the "Tehran Children"
PhotoPhotograph of two of the Tehran Children, who reached Palestine in 1943 via Iran.
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SS troops stand at attention
PhotoSS troops stand at attention for inspection, Germany, 1936-1939. This photo is from an album of SS photographs.
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German police deployment during World War II
PhotoPropaganda poster depicting two Germans in the field during World War II. After the war began in 1939, Police Battalions were deployed alongside the German military. This poster was designed by SS-Hauptsturmführer Felix Albrecht in 1941.
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German Order Policeman in occupied Lodz
PhotoBernhardt Colberg, a member of Reserve Police Battalion 101, poses in front of its headquarters in the vicinity of Lodz in German-occupied Poland. The police battalions were units of the German Order Police who were deployed to German-occupied areas of Europe during World War II. Photo dated 1940–1941.
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German Order Policemen publicly humiliate Jews
PhotoMembers of the German Order Police publicly humiliate a group of Jews by forcing them to perform exercises, 1939–1940. Sosnowiec, in German-occupied Poland.
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German Order Policemen stand guard over a group of Jewish men
PhotoMembers of the German Order Police stand guard over a group of Orthodox Jewish men, 1942. The men have been rounded-up either for forced labor or public humiliation. Krakow, in German-occupied Poland.
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German Order Police during the expulsion of Jews from Sieradz
PhotoA member of the German Order Police raises a stick to beat a Jew who is loading his bundles onto a wagon during expulsion from the community of Sieradz in German-occupied Poland. Photo dated 1940–1942.
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German police search a Jewish man at gunpoint
PhotoGerman policemen search an elderly, religious Jew at gunpoint in German-occupied Poland, circa 1941.
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Order Police Battalion 101
PhotoGerman Order Police officers inspect members of Police Battalion 101 in Lodz after the German occupation of Poland, 1939–1943.
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Prewar photo of the extended Kracowski family
PhotoThe Kracowski family was living in Bialystok when German Order Police Battalion 309 killed 2,000-3,000 Jews on June 27, 1941. Dr. Samuel Kracowski was among the hundreds of Jews locked in the Great Synagogue and burned alive. After the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok, Samuel's wife, Esther, and children, Ewa and Julek, were given a room in the ghetto clinic. Photo dated September 1, 1935. Samuel and Esther are seated in the center, with Julek seated in the front row on the…
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German Order Police Battalion 101
PhotoA member of the German Order Police Battalion 101 stands next to a sign marking the entrance to the Lodz ghetto in German-occupied Poland, 1940–1941. The German text of the sign reads: "Announcement: In accordance with a police order of February 8, 1940, all Germans and Poles are forbidden entry into the ghetto area."
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Crowd in Berlin during the anti-Jewish boycott
PhotoGermans in front of a Jewish-owned department store in Berlin during the anti-Jewish boycott. Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933.
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Postcard of Evian-les-Bains
PhotoPeriod postcard of Evian-les-Bains, the site of the 1938 International Conference on Refugees.
