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German soldiers guard Soviet prisoners of war marching to camps. Soviet Union, 1941. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
Germans guard prisoners in the Rovno camp for Soviet prisoners of war. Rovno, Poland, after June 22, 1941. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
Soviet prisoners of war receiving their meager rations. More than three million Soviet prisoners of war died in German custody, mostly from malnutrition and exposure. Rovno, Poland, 1941. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
Soviet prisoners of war wait for food in Stalag (prison camp) 8C. More than 3 million Soviet soldiers died in German custody, mostly from malnutrition and exposure. Zagan, Poland, February 1942. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
Learn about Operation “Harvest Festival” (Aktion “Erntefest”), the Nazi attack against the remaining Jews of the Lublin District of the General Government.
Yitzhak Gitterman was a director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Poland and a member of the underground Jewish Fighting Organization.
Jewish DPs from the New Palestine displaced persons camp in Salzburg, Austria, gather around a memorial dedicated to the Jewish victims of the Nazis. Among those pictured is Moniek Rozen (third from the left), Kazik Szancer (fourth from the left) and Rela Szancer (fifth from the left).
The SS ordered Jews to undress prior to the mass shootings at the nearby Babyn Yar killing site. In two days, September 29-30, 1941, they shot more than 33,000 Jews from Kyiv (Kiev). This photograph, taken by a member of a German Propaganda Company, shows just some of the belongings of these victims. Kyiv, German-occupied Soviet Union, After September 30, 1941.
Shlomo Trabska was one of the many Jewish victims who were shot by the SS and Lithuanian collaborators at the Ponary killing site outside of Vilna. This photograph was taken in the late 1930s, when Shlomo was serving in the Polish army.
Johann Niemann (left) and an unidentified man walk on the snow covered driveway to Grafeneck Castle in early 1940. Niemann worked as a stoker at Grafeneck, cremating victims' corpses in the crematoria. He later became the deputy commander of the Sobibor killing center.
Read a series of articles about Adolf Hitler's ideology and strategies. Under Hitler, the Nazi regime was responsible for the mass murder of 6 million Jews and millions of other victims
Learn about the Holocaust, the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
The Nazis opened the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in 1941. Learn more about the camp, its prisoners, and forced labor and medical experiments.
The US 8th Infantry and the 82nd Airborne Divisions arrived at the Wöbbelin camp in May 1945, witnessing the deplorable living conditions in this subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Martin Petrasek.
Nyanza is a site near Kigali, Rwanda, where several thousand people were executed after being marched from the Belgian Technical School in April 1994. At the school, they had been under the protection of UN peacekeepers until the soldiers were recalled to the airport to help evacuate expatriates. This is one of the few sites where victims had the honor of individual burial; most often they were buried together in large graves. Photograph taken on November 24, 2007. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
December 11, 1944. On this date, German authorities at Hartheim performed the last gassing of inmates.
January 16, 1942. On this date, German authorities began the deportations of Jews and Roma from the Lodz ghetto to the Chelmno killing center.
To carry out the mass murder of Europe's Jews, the Nazis established killing centers that used assembly-line methods of murder. Sobibor was among these facilities.
The Volkswagen automobile company went into military production during WWII, operating concentration and forced-labor camps. Learn more about its role.
Syrets was a labor education camp established by the Germans outside of Kyiv. Learn more about Syrets prisoners and their daily life in the camp.
Killing centers (also referred to as "extermination camps" or "death camps") were designed to carry out genocide. Between 1941 and 1945, the Nazis established five killing centers in German-occupied Poland—Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau (part of the Auschwitz camp complex). Chelmno and Auschwitz were established in areas annexed to Germany in 1939. The other camps (Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka) were established in the General Government (an administrative unit of occupied…
In 1936, John Woodruff was one of 18 African Americans on the US Olympic team competing in Berlin. He won the gold medal for the men's 800-meter race. In this clip from an interview on May 15, 1996, Woodruff describes his personal experiences of racial discrimination during and after the Olympic Games of 1936.
Learn more about Jewish resistance efforts in the smaller ghettos of eastern Europe and the obstacles and limitations Jews faced.
"Learn more about Stanisławów during World War II. This article is an excerpt from Nechama Tec’s Resilience and Courage: Women, Men, and the Holocaust (2003). "
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