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Antisemitism in History: World War I
ArticleLearn about trends that developed during and immediately after WWI that brought antisemitism, including its racist variant, into the mainstream of European politics.
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Jewish Community of Munkacs from the Eighteenth Century to World War I
ArticleLearn about the Jewish community of Munkacs from the eighteenth century through the aftermath of World War I.
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World War I and its Aftermath: Key Dates
ArticleExplore a timeline of key events in the history of World War I and its aftermath. Learn about the conflict and its divisive peace.
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Treaty of Versailles
ArticleLearn about the provisions and impact of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, including the "War Guilt Clause" which held Germany responsible for starting World War I.
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World War I: Aftermath
ArticleThe trauma of WWI would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust. Learn more about the aftermath of the conflict.
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World War I and the Armenian Genocide
ArticleMass atrocities and genocide are often perpetrated within the context of war. The Armenian genocide was closely linked to World War I in the Near East and the Russian Caucasus. Ottoman Turkey fought on the side of the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) and against the Entente Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia). World War I offered the Young Turk dictatorship (Committee on Union and Progress; CUP) an opportunity to realize its nationalist aims. Already inclined toward Germany due…
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World War I
ArticleThe experiences of World War I and its aftermath would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust.
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Adolf Hitler and World War I: 1913–1919
ArticleLearn about Adolf Hitler's experiences during World War I and his ideological development after the war.
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World War I: Treaties and Reparations
ArticleAfter the devastation of WWI, the victorious western powers imposed a series of treaties upon the defeated nations. Learn about the treaties and their impact.
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Henri Barbusse
ArticleHenri Barbusse was a French author who wrote pacifist and socialist works. In 1933, his writings were burned under the Nazi regime. Learn more.
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Neville Chamberlain
ArticleNeville Chamberlain was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. He is best kno...
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World War I destruction in Ypres
PhotoThis 1919 photograph shows World War I destruction in Ypres, Belgium.
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The 89th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 89th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Ohrdruf subcamp of Buchenwald in 1945.
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A crowd in Berlin cheers the declaration of World War I
PhotoA crowd in front of the Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom) cheers the declaration of World War I. Berlin, Germany, August 1914. Many enthusiastically believed that World War I would be over quickly. Instead, the war became a stalemate of costly battles and trench warfare. It lasted for years and was the first great international conflict of the twentieth century. The impact of the conflict and its divisive peace would reverberate in the decades following.
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History of the Jewish Community in Kalisz: 12th Century to World War I
ArticleOne of the oldest cities in Poland, Kalisz played a pivotal role in Polish Jewish history. Learn about the Jewish Community in Kalisz from the 12th Century to WWI.
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Refugees in Paris during World War I
PhotoRefugees in the Gare de Lyon in Paris during World War I. Paris, France, photograph taken ca. 1914–15.
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Refugees during World War I
PhotoBelgian refugees in Paris during World War I, the first great international conflict of the twentieth century. Paris, France, 1914.
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World War I ruins in Louvain, Belgium
PhotoRuins of the library in Louvain, destroyed during World War I. Louvain, Belgium, ca. 1914–1915
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French army ambulance in World War I
PhotoA French army ambulance during World War I. This photograph was taken ca. 1914–1915.
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German soldiers in France during World War I
PhotoGerman soldiers in the Argonne Forest, France, during World War I. Photograph taken ca. 1914–1915.
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World War I US Army field hospital
PhotoA US army field hospital inside the ruins of a church in France during World War I. France, 1918
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US soldiers during World War I
PhotoSurrounded by destruction, US soldiers of the 23rd Infantry fire a gun during World War I, 1918.
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World War I destruction in Poland
PhotoA man, women and a child sort through the rubble of a Polish home destroyed during World War I. Photograph taken ca. October 18, 1915.
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World War I trench
PhotoScene of trench warfare: an abandoned British trench which was captured by German forces during World War I. German soldiers on horseback view the scene.
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World War I damage in Rheims, France
PhotoThis 1919 photograph shows destruction in the leading business thoroughfare of Rheims after bombardment during World War I. Rheims, France, 1919.
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Scene of destruction during World War I
PhotoScene of destruction during World War I: panoramic view of the battlefield at Guillemont, September 1916, during the Battle of the Somme. © IWM (Q 1281)
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Scene of destruction during World War I
PhotoHouses along the River Meuse damaged during the Battle of Verdun, December 1916. The battle was one of the longest and deadliest of World War I. © IWM (Q 67594)
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Wilhelm Keitel: Biography
ArticleField Marshal Wilhelm Keitel served as commander of all German armed forces during World War I...
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German retreat during World War I
PhotoBritish troops at the site of a former German trench following the withdrawal of German troops to the Hindenburg line on the western front in World War I. This photograph shows a trench bridge over a German trench. Gommecourt, France, 1917.
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Danzig
ArticleHitler was determined to overturn the military and territorial provisions of the Versailles treaty, among the much resented loss of the city of Danzig after WWI.
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The 86th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 86th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating Attendorn, a civilian forced-labor camp, in 1945.
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World War I
SeriesThe trauma of WWI would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of both leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust. Learn more about the war and its aftermath.
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Erich Maria Remarque
ArticleErich Maria Remarque wrote the classic novel “All Quiet on the Western Front,” which became a Hollywood film. His works were burned under the Nazi regime in 1933.
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Hitler Comes to Power
ArticleHitler rose to power during a time of economic and political instability in Germany. Learn more about how and when Hitler came to power.
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Trench warfare on the western front during World War I
PhotoTrench warfare is one of the iconic symbols of World War I. This photograph shows British troops carrying boards over a support line trench at night during fighting on the western front. Cambrai, France, January 12, 1917.
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Adolf Hitler was a frontline soldier during World War I
PhotoAdolf Hitler (front row, far left) served on the western front in World War I and during the course of the war was twice decorated for service, wounded, and temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack. He used his veteran status in later election campaigns.
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The 1st Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 1st Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating two subcamps of Flossenbürg in 1945.
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Lebensraum
ArticleThe concept of Lebensraum, “living space,” was as a critical component in the Nazi worldview that drove both its military conquests and racial policy.
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The 29th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 29th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating Dinslaken, a civilian labor camp, in 1945.
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The 4th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 4th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Haunstetten subcamp of Dachau.
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President Obama's Remarks at Buchenwald
ArticlePresident Barack Obama visited Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany on June 5, 2009. In a speech at the site, he repudiated Holocaust denial. Browse transcript.
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Elie Wiesel
ArticleElie Wiesel was a human rights activist, author, and teacher who reflected on his experience during the Holocaust in more than 40 books. Learn more.
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The 26th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 26th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Gusen subcamp of Mauthausen in 1945.
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Making a Leader
ArticleThe Nazis used propaganda to to facilitate persecution, war, and ultimately genocide. Read more about the cult of the leader around Adolf Hitler.
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The 36th Infantry Division during World War II
ArticleThe 36th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating some of the Kaufering subcamps of Dachau in 1945.
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Erich Ludendorff
ArticleGerman General Erich Ludendorff was a key proponent of the fictitious “Stab-in-the-Back” myth which blamed Jews and others for Germany’s defeat in WWI.
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Martin Niemöller: "First they came for..."
ArticleLearn about the origins and legacy of Pastor Martin Niemöller's famous postwar words, “First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out…”
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Jewish Community of Munkacs: An Overview
ArticleLearn about the Jewish community of Munkacs, famous for its Hasidic activity as well as its innovations in Zionism and modern Jewish education.
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Georg Grosz
ArticleGeorg Grosz was a German artist of the Dada movement. His books, which had many of his best-known plates, were burned in Nazi Germany in 1933. Learn more.
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The Great Depression
ArticleLearn about causes, scope, and impacts of the Great Depression, including how it played a role in Adolf Hitler's emergence as a viable political leader in Germany.
