1941年6月22日，纳粹德国及其盟国入侵苏联。他们迅速攻下苏联大片领土，德军对苏联及其人民发动“歼灭战”，杀害了数百万平民。然而，苏联军队最终将德军击退，最后于 1945 年春攻占了柏林。苏德战场通常被称为“东线”，是第二次世界大战中规模最大、伤亡最惨重的战场。
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![A transport of Jewish prisoners marches through the snow from the Bauschovitz train station to Theresienstadt. [LCID: 69720]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/781755a6-1ba5-4d8e-8b2b-9f25bdf3687f.jpg)