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A digital representation of the United States 83rd Infantry Division's flag. The US 83rd Infantry Division (the "Thunderbolt" division) was established in 1917 and fought in World War I. During World War II, they were involved in the Battle of the Bulge and captured the city of Halle. The division also encountered Langenstein, a subcamp of Buchenwald. The 83rd Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1993 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States…
A digital representation of the United States 86th Infantry Division's flag. The US 86th Infantry Division (the "Blackhawk" division) was established in 1917 and fought in World War I. During World War II, they discovered the Attendorn civilian forced-labor camp. The 86th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1996 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
A digital representation of the United States 8th Armored Division's flag. The US 8th Armored Division is also known as the "Iron Snake" or "Thundering Herd" division. During World War II, they liberated Halberstadt-Zwieberge, a subcamp of Buchenwald. The 8th Armored Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1995 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
A digital representation of the United States 95th Infantry Division's flag. The US 95th Infantry Division (the "Victory" Division) was established in 1942. During World War II, they captured the cities of Metz and Dortmund. The division also undercovered a German prison and civilian labor camp in Werl. The 95th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1995 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
A digital representation of the United States 99th Infantry Division's flag. The US 99th Infantry Division (the "Checkerboard" or "Battle Babies" division) was established in 1942. During World War II, they were invovled in the Battle of the Bulge and liberated a Dachau subcamp near Mühldorf. The 99th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1992 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
A digital representation of the United States 9th Armored Division's flag. The US 9th Armored Division was known as the "Phantom" division. During World War II, they were involved in the Battle of the Bulge and also liberated Zwodau and Falkenau an der Eger, two subcamps of Flossenbürg. The 9th Armored Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1993 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
A digital representation of the United States 1st Infantry Division's flag. The US 1st Infantry Division (the "Big Red One" division) was formed in 1917 and fought in World War I. During World War II, they were involved in the Allied invasions of North Africa and Italy, as well as D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge. Additionally, the division captured the city of Aachen and liberated Zwodau and Falkenau an der Eger, two subcamps of Flossenbürg. The 1st Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating…
A digital representation of the United States 2nd Infantry Division's flag. The US 2nd Infantry Division (the "Indianhead" division) was created in 1917 and fought in World War I. During World War II, they were involved in D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge. They also captured the cities of Leipzig and Hadamar. Additionally, the division overran Leipzig-Schönefeld, a subcamp of Buchenwald, and liberated prisoners at the Spergau/Zöschen camp. The 2nd Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit…
Members of the US 9th Armored Division meet up with Soviet units near Linz, Austria. This photograph was taken by US Army Signal Corps photographer Arnold E. Samuelson. Austria, May 2, 1945.
In this footage, General Dwight Eisenhower, General George Patton, and Major General Lewis Craig inspect conditions at the Feldafing displaced persons camp near Wolfratshausen, Germany. Feldafing was one of the first displaced persons camps to house primarily Jewish refugees. In August 1945, Eisenhower ordered that Feldafing be used as a model for the establishment of other camps for Jewish displaced persons in the US occupation zones of Germany and Austria.
Flags of US Army liberating divisions on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C.
US sailors struggle to contain damage from Kamikaze attacks during the US invasion of Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands (the islands closest to the Japanese home islands). May 11, 1945.
An amphibious troop carrier loaded with US Marines heads for the beaches of Tinian, an island in the Pacific Ocean. July 1944.
Official postcard for use by prisoners of the Esterwegen concentration camp. Esterwegen, near Hamburg, was one of the early camps established by the SS. The text at the left side gives instructions and restrictions to inmates about what can be mailed and received. Germany, August 14, 1935.
This camera equipment belonged to Walter Hunkler, a sergeant assigned to a medical detachment of the 160th Field Artillery Battalion, which entered Dachau on April 29, 1945. He took photographs documenting the camp and the prisoners found there.
Portion of the speech in which President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the US Congress to declare war on Japan following the previous day's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.
Japanese pilots used the tactic of Kamikaze (suicidal) dive-bombing attacks on enemy warships in 1944 and 1945. The "USS Nevada," despite an escort and efforts to fight off a Kamikaze attack, sustained such a hit in early 1945 off the coast of Japan. The "USS Ticonderoga," a carrier, also sustained such a hit in early 1945 off Formosa (Taiwan). The impact of Kamikaze attacks decreased during the final months of the war in the Pacific, in part because of an improvement in Allied evasion tactics.
April 25, 1945. On this date, Soviet and American troops met at Torgau, Germany.
A digital representation of the United States 14th Armored Division's flag. The US 14th Armored Division (the "Liberators" division) joined the war in 1944. During World War II, they uncovered several subcamps of Dachau, three large forced-labor camps, and several other nearby camps. The 14th Armored Division was recognized as a liberating unit in 1991 by the United States Army Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM).
Ben was born in a small village in the Carpathian Mountains of Transylvania in Romania. When he was an infant, his family moved to the United States. Ben attended Harvard University, where he studied criminal law. Ben graduated from Harvard University Law School in 1943. He joined a US anti-aircraft artillery battalion that was training in preparation for an Allied invasion of western Europe. At the end of World War II in Europe, Ben was transferred to the war crimes investigation branch of the US Army. He…
While touring the newly liberated Ohrdruf camp, General Dwight Eisenhower and other high ranking US Army officers view the bodies of prisoners who were killed during the evacuation of Ohrdruf. Ohrdruf, Germany, April 12, 1945.
In 1945, Robert Mills Donihi was practicing law in Nashville, Tennessee. He accepted a government assignment to Tokyo where he worked on the trial of 28 high-ranking Japanese officers. After a year, he left for Germany, and arrived in Nuremberg in January 1947. Donihi was a member of the legal team at the postwar US trials in Germany, serving as both an interrogator and a prosecutor.
After the trial of major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, the United States held a series of other war crimes trials at Nuremberg—the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. The ninth trial before the American military tribunal in Nuremberg focused on members of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units), who had been assigned to kill Jews and other people behind the eastern front. In this footage of the prosecution's opening statement, US prosecutor Ben Ferencz explains…
US Army Signal Corps photographer J Malan Heslop types photo captions. France, 1944.
US troops view corpses of prisoners massacred by SS guards in a wooded area near the Kaufering IV subsidiary camp of the Dachau concentration camp. Landsberg- Kaufering, Germany, April 30, 1945.
The Medical Case was one of 12 war crimes trials held before an American tribunal as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. The trial dealt with doctors and nurses who had participated in the killing of physically and mentally impaired Germans and who had performed medical experiments on people imprisoned in concentration camps. Here, chief prosecutor Brigadier General Telford Taylor reads into evidence a July 1942 report detailing Nazi high-altitude experiments and outlines the prosecution's goals…
During the Battle of the Bulge, US troops move up to the front in open trucks in subzero weather to stop the German advance. December 22, 1944. US Army Signal Corps photograph taken by J Malan Heslop.
An American GI using his steel helmet to draw water from a stream during the Battle of the Bulge. December 22, 1944. US Army Signal Corps photograph taken by J Malan Heslop.
November 21, 1945. On this date, Robert H. Jackson delivered opening statements at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg.
Leon Bass was born in Philadelphia, PA in 1925. He joined the US Army in 1943 and served as a member of the all-Black 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion attached to General Patton's Third Army. Leon's unit was involved in the Battle of the Bulge as well as the liberation of Buchenwald. After the war, Leon went on to receive his doctorate, teach, and speak about the Holocaust and racism. In this interview, Leon describes the racism and segregation he faced in the United States during the 1940s and how it…
In 1945, Robert Mills Donihi was practicing law in Nashville, Tennessee. He accepted a government assignment to Tokyo where he worked on the trial of 28 high-ranking Japanese officers. After a year, he left for Germany, and arrived in Nuremberg in January 1947. Donihi was a member of the legal team at the postwar US trials in Germany, serving as both an interrogator and a prosecutor.
The Gotenland, one of the ships used during the deportation of Jews from Norway to Germany. Norway, 1943.
Members of the US 9th Armored Division meet up with Soviet units near Linz, Austria. This photograph was taken by US Army Signal Corps photographer Arnold E. Samuelson. Austria, May 2, 1945.
A US soldier on an inspection tour of Buchenwald poses for a photograph beside a wagon laden with corpses. The soldier is probably a member of the Headquarters and Service Company, 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion, 8th Corps, US 3rd Army, which arrived at Buchenwald on April 17, 1945, several days after the camp's liberation.
These blacksmith's bellows were used by Romani (Gypsy) artisan Juri Cervenuak in Trebisov, Slovakia, in 1939. Many Roma traditionally worked as craftsmen and were blacksmiths, cobblers, tinsmiths, horse dealers, and toolmakers.
The Donau, one of the largest ships used to deport Jews from Norway to Germany. From Germany, hundreds of Norwegian Jews were deported to Auschwitz. Norway, 1943.
The Monte Rosa (right), one of the ships used to deport Jews from Norway to Germany. Norway, 1943.
Located on Ulica Stara (Old Street), outside the Vilna ghetto, this building was used as a safe house by the ghetto resistance. Vilna, after July 1944.
Corpses found by US soldiers after the liberation of the Gunskirchen camp, a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, after May 5, 1945.
US troops wade through the surf on their arrival at the Normandy beaches on D-Day. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
US troops pull the survivors of a sunken craft on to the shores of the Normandy beaches on D-Day. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
During the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, US runner Jesse Owens begins the 200-meter race in which he established a new Olympic record of 20.7 seconds. Berlin, Germany, August 2, 1936.
A US Army soldier views the cemetery at Hadamar, where victims of the Nazi euthanasia program were buried in mass graves. This photograph was taken by an American military photographer soon after the liberation. Germany, April 5, 1945.
Thracian Jews crowded into an interior room of the Karađorđe, used as a deportation ship, just before it left the Danube River port of Lom. From Lom they were loaded onto four Bulgarian ships and taken to Vienna, where they were put on trains bound for the Treblinka killing center in occupied Poland. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Members of a US congressional committee investigating German atrocities view a V-2 rocket on the assembly line of an underground factory at the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, near Nordhausen. Germany, May 1, 1945.
A US PT (Patrol Torpedo) boat off the coast of New Guinea, during an American counteroffensive against Japanese advances in the Solomon Islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1943.
False identification card which Vladka Meed had used from 1940–42 on the Aryan side of Warsaw, smuggling arms to Jewish fighters and helping Jews escape from the ghetto.
US troops wade ashore at Normandy on D-Day, the beginning of the Allied invasion of France to establish a second front against German forces in Europe. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
Postwar photograph of a building in Dabie where the possessions of Jews killed at the nearby Chelmno killing center were stored. Dabie, Poland, June 1945.
Visiting American newspaper and magazine correspondents view rows of corpses in Dachau. Photograph during an inspection following the liberation of the camp. Dachau, Germany, May 4, 1945.
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