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German forces enter Aachen, on the border with Belgium, following the remilitarization of the Rhineland. Aachen, Germany, March 18, 1936.
Members of the League of German Girls wave Nazi flags in support of the German annexation of Austria. Vienna, Austria, March 1938.
A streetcar decorated with swastikas passes billboards displaying Hitler's face. The billboards urge Austrians to vote "Ja" (Yes) in the upcoming plebiscite on the German annexation of Austria. Vienna, Austria, April 1938.
Scene during Adolf Hitler's triumphant return to Berlin shortly after Germany's annexation of Austria (the Anschluss). Berlin, Germany, March 17, 1938.
Hitler addresses German troops at the market square in Eger, during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region. October 3, 1938.
German tanks cross the Czech border, in violation of the 1938 Munich agreement. Pohorelice, Czechoslovakia, March 15, 1939.
German occupation troops march through the streets of Prague. Czechoslovakia, March 15, 1939.
Adolf Hitler in Brno shortly after German troops occupied Czechoslovakia. The sign reads, "We thank our Führer." Brno, Czechoslovakia, March 17, 1939.
Hitler enters Memel following the German annexation of Memel from Lithuania. The banner states that "This land will remain forever German." Memel, March 1939.
Jewish parachutist Hannah Szenes at Kibbutz Sedot Yam, a communal agricultural settlement. Palestine, 1942.
Haviva Reik before her emigration to Palestine. Banska Bystrica, Czechoslovakia, 1934. Between 1943 and 1945, a group of Jewish men and women from Palestine who had volunteered to join the British army parachuted into German-occupied Europe. Their mission was to organize resistance to the Germans and aid in the rescue of Allied personnel. Reik was one of these parachutists. She parachuted into Slovakia and was captured and killed in November 1944.
Haviva Reik, a parachutist from Palestine, before her mission to aid Jews in Slovakia. She was caught and executed by the Nazis. Palestine, probably before September 1944.
Zvi Ben-Yaakov (left) and Haviva Reik (center), Jewish parachutists under British command. Their mission was to aid the Jews in Czechoslovakia, where they were caught by the Nazis and executed. Palestine, before September 1944.
Group of Jewish parachutists under British command including Haviva Reik (center), who was sent into Slovakia. Palestine, wartime.
Haviva Reik and other parachutists from Palestine, under British command, sent to Slovakia to aid Jews during the Slovak national uprising. Hayim Hermesh (left), Haviva Reik (second from left), Rafi Reiss (behind Reik), Abba Berdichev (second from the right), and Zvi Ben-Yaakov (right), on the Tri Duby airfield before being sent to Slovakia. Czechoslovakia, September 1944.
Three Jewish partisans in the Wyszkow Forest near Warsaw. Poland, between 1943–44.
Group portrait of a Jewish partisan unit operating in the Lithuanian forests. Many of its members had been involved in resistance activities in the Kovno ghetto. Lithuania, 1944.
Shortly before liberation by Allied forces, French resistance fighters staged uprisings across occupied France. Here, fighters gather arms during the Marseille uprising. Marseille, France, August 1944.
Bedukian Sarkis, a French partisan of Armenian extraction, patrols a street along with another partisan during the August 1944 insurrection in the south of France. Marseille, France, August 1944.
A group of Jewish partisans, members of a unit of the Armée Juive (Jewish Army). France, wartime.
A group of Jewish resisters, members of a fighting organization (Organisation Juive de Combat). Mazamet, France, wartime.
The public hanging of three members of the Communist underground on Karl Marx Street in Minsk. One of the victims wears a large placard around his neck that reads "We are partisans and have shot at German soldiers."This execution was one of four carried out in Minsk on October 26, 1941, by German troops with the 707th Infantry Division. Altogether, 12 members of the Communist underground were publicly hanged in four groups of three near a yeast-making factory. This is believed to be the first public…
German forces occupied Riga in early July 1941. Here, war damage to Riga's city hall is shown by blackened areas around the building's windows. Riga, Latvia, August 1941.
Entrance gate to the Riga ghetto. This photograph was taken from outside the ghetto fence. Riga, Latvia, 1941-1943.
Entrance to the Riga ghetto. Riga, Latvia, 1941–43. During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of separating, persecuting, and ultimately destroying Europe's Jews.
Jewish families with bundles of belongings during deportation from the Kovno ghetto in Lithuania to Riga in neighboring Latvia. Kovno, Lithuania, 1942.
14-year-old Sara Bialovadska, imprisoned in the Kaiserwald concentration camp near Riga. Latvia, 1943.
Lithuanian militiamen in Kovno round up Jewish women. Kovno, Lithuania, June-July, 1941.
Crowd views the aftermath of a massacre at Lietukis Garage, where pro-German Lithuanian nationalists killed more than 50 Jewish men. The victims were beaten, hosed, and then murdered with iron bars. Kovno, Lithuania, June 27, 1941.
This photograph shows the Rudnicki Street entrance to the Vilna ghetto. The signs on the fence claim there is danger of contagion and prohibit the bringing of food or wood into the ghetto. Photograph taken in 1941–42.
Lithuanian collaborators guard Jews before their execution. Ponary, Lithuania, June–July, 1941.
Jews at the railroad station before deportation. Puchov, Czechoslovakia, March 1942. (Source record ID: E39 Nr.2447/8)
Scene during the deportation of Macedonian Jews by Bulgarian occupation authorities. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
A building in Rome, Italy, used as Gestapo (secret state police) headquarters during the German occupation. This photograph was taken after US forces liberated the city. Rome, Italy, June 1944.
Class photograph of students at the San Leone Magno Fratelli Maristi boarding school in Rome. Pictured in the top row at the far right is Zigmund Krauthamer, a Jewish child who was being hidden at the school. Rome, Italy, 1943–44.
A cheering crowd greets Adolf Hitler as he enters Vienna. Austria, March 1938. After a prolonged period of economic stagnation, political dictatorship, and intense Nazi propaganda inside Austria, German troops entered the country on March 12, 1938. They received the enthusiastic support of most of the population. Austria was incorporated into Germany the next day.
A Jewish man deported from Vienna, Austria, performs forced labor in the Opole Lubelskie ghetto. Poland, date uncertain.
View of the Gusen camp, which became a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Gusen, Austria, May 1945.
Corpses found by US soldiers after the liberation of the Gunskirchen camp, a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, after May 5, 1945.
Survivors of the Ebensee subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Ebensee, Austria, May 8, 1945.
Site where members of Einsatzgruppe A and Estonian collaborators carried out a mass execution of Jews in September 1941. Kalevi-Liiva, Estonia, after September 1944.
Deportation from the Kovno ghetto to forced-labor camps in Estonia. Kovno, Lithuania, October 1943.
Corpses of inmates from the Klooga camp stacked for burning. Soviet troops discovered the bodies when they liberated the camp. Estonia, September 1944.
Corpses of inmates from the Klooga camp stacked for burning. Soviet troops discovered the bodies when they liberated the camp. Estonia, September 1944.
Corpses of inmates discovered by Soviet troops at the Klooga forced-labor camp. Nazi guards and Estonian collaborators had executed the prisoners and then stacked the bodies for burning. Estonia, September 1944.
At the Klooga concentration camp, Soviet soldiers examine the bodies of victims left by the retreating Germans. Klooga, Estonia, September 1944.
View of the Jasenovac concentration camp in Croatia. Jasenovac, Yugoslavia, 1941-1942.
Ustasa (Croatian fascist) guard next to a watchtower at the Jasenovac concentration camp. Yugoslavia, between 1941 and 1944.
View of the brick factory in the Jasenovac concentration camp in Croatia. Jasenovac, Yugoslavia, between 1941 and 1944.
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