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Augusta Feldhorn stands next to a nun while in hiding. Augusta, a Jewish child, was in hiding under an assumed Christian identity. Belgium. 1942-1945.
A page from the diary of Eugenia Hochberg, written while she was living in hiding in Brody, Poland. The page contains a timeline of important events that happened during the war, such as deaths and deportations of family and friends. Brody, Poland, July 1943–March 1944.
Photograph taken in December 1932 of Suse Grunbaum at age one. Soon after Hitler's 1933 seizure of power in Germany, two-year-old Suse and her parents fled to the Netherlands and settled in the town of Dinxperlo. In 1943, Jews in German-occupied Dinxperlo were ordered to assemble for deportation. Hearing of these plans, the Grünbaums went into hiding, finding refuge with Dutch farmers. The Hartemink family hid Suse and her mother for two years in their barn, first under the floorboards, then in a…
Portrait of a young Jewish girl, Lida Kleinman sitting in her room in Lacko, Poland, 1935. In January 1942, Lida was sent into hiding. She hid under false identities in Catholic orphanages until the end of the war.
In 1942, Henrietta and Herman Goslinski went into hiding to avoid deportation from the Netherlands. Their rescuer could not, however, also take their infant daughter Berty. The Dutch resistance moved Berty frequently; she was eventually moved more than 30 times. During the two-and-a-half years apart, the parents saw Berty only once and received this single photograph of her taken while she was in hiding.
A group of Jewish girls hiding, under assumed identities, in a convent. Ruiselede, Belgium, 1943-44.
In 1942, eleven-year-old Dawid Tennenbaum went into hiding with his mother, settling in the Lvov region as Christians. Dawid disguised himself as a girl and as mentally disabled. This exempted him from attending school and prevented his being exposed.
Sisters Eva and Liane Münzer. They were placed in hiding with a devout Catholic couple. In 1944, Eva and Liane were reported to the police as a result of a fight between their rescuers. The husband denounced his wife and the two Jewish girls. The three were immediately arrested and sent to the Westerbork camp. On February 8, 1944, eight- and six-year-old Eva and Liane were deported to Auschwitz, where they were murdered. Photograph taken in The Hague, the Netherlands, 1940.
A gathering of Jewish youth from Rhodes. Rhodes, photograph taken between 1940 and 1944.
During a visit to Germany, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (back to camera) speaks with (left to right): SS chief Heinrich Himmler; Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels; and Nazi governor of Poland Hans Frank. Germany, 1941.
An Italian Jew who survived the war by disguising himself as a priest and living in the Vatican from October 1943 to June 1944. A number of Jews were able to seek refuge in religious houses throughout Rome, including in the Vatican. Rome, Italy, 1943-1944.
False identity card of Jewish partisan Vittorio Finzi, issued in the name of Vittorio Rossi. Italy, wartime.
Rita Rosani, a former school teacher who joined the Italian armed resistance immediately upon the German occupation of Italy. She was killed near Verona on September 17, 1944, when her unit was surrounded. Trieste, Italy, 1940.
Jewish youth at the "HaRishona" (The First) Zionist training center construct a fishing boat. They are preparing for emigration to Palestine. Fano, Italy, 1946.
A flag bearing a swastika is raised over the city hall in Sarajevo after German forces captured the city. Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, April 16, 1941.
Streetcar in Belgrade bearing the sign: "Forbidden to Jews." Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1941-1942
A child wears the compulsory Jewish badge. The "Z" stands for the word "Jew" (Zidov) in Croatian. Yugoslavia, ca. 1941.
A Jewish child wears the compulsory Star of David badge with the letter "Z" for Zidov, the Croatian word for Jew. Yugoslavia, ca. 1941.
Djakovo camp, where Croatian Jews were imprisoned and killed, was located in this former flour mill. Yugoslavia, wartime.
Deportation of Jews from Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943. The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to Treblinka.
Conscripts in the Hungarian Labor Service march to a work site. Mateszalka, Hungary, September 1939.
With bowls in hand, conscripts of a Jewish Hungarian labor unit wait for food. Abony, Hungary, 1940.
View of the quarry in a forced-labor camp established by the Hungarian government. Tokaj, Hungary, 1940.
Twelve Hungarian Jewish physicians in the Iklad forced-labor camp. Iklad, Hungary, September 24, 1940.
Conscripts of Hungarian Labor Service Company VIII/2 at work laying railroad track. Huszt, Hungary, 1942.
Jews drafted into the Hungarian Labor Service System march to a work site. Szeged, Hungary, between 1940 and 1944.
Guards check the identification papers of women entering the ghetto in Munkacs, in a part of Czechoslovakia annexed by Hungary in 1938. Czechoslovakia, 1944.
Victims of German SS and Hungarian Arrow Cross terror in the Budapest ghetto. The bodies were found in the courtyard of the Pestor synagogue on Dohany Street. Budapest, Hungary, January 1945.
A child survivor arrives at Haifa port on board the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Mataroa. The British denied the passengers entry into Palestine and deported them to Cyprus detention camps. July 15, 1945.
Eight-year-old Yisrael Meir (Lulek) Lau is held by a fellow Buchenwald survivor, Elazar Schiff, as they arrive in Palestine aboard the RMS Mataroa. Haifa, Palestine, July 15, 1945.
Lyrics to the Jewish national anthem and portraits of Zionist leaders hang in a classroom in a displaced persons camp. Feldafing, Germany, after April 1945.
Drafting class sponsored by ORT (Organization for Rehabilitation through Training). Zeilsheim displaced persons camp. Germany, postwar.
One of the tent camps used to detain Jewish displaced persons denied entry into Palestine by the British. Cyprus, August 1946-February 1949.
Three Jewish children in the Feldafing displaced persons camp. Feldafing, Germany, 1946–47.
British soldiers force Jewish refugees from Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Theodor Herzl through a disinfection station before deporting them to detention camps in Cyprus. Haifa port, Palestine, April 24, 1947.
Jewish refugee youths, prevented by the British from landing in Palestine, learn sewing at a detention camp. The machines were provided by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). Cyprus, 1947.
British soldiers remove Jews, passengers of the Exodus 1947 who were forcibly returned from Palestine, upon their arrival in Hamburg. Germany, September 8, 1947.
A man and his son, displaced persons (DPs) from Romania, wait on a cot in the Rothschild Hospital displaced persons camp in Vienna. Austria, October 15, 1947.
The Jewish refugee ship Pan-York, carrying new citizens to the recently established state of Israel, docks at Haifa. The ship sailed from southern Europe to Israel, via Cyprus. Haifa, Israel, July 9, 1948.
The last group of European Jewish refugees leaves a British detention camp for Israel. Cyprus, February 10, 1949.
The last group of European Jewish refugees leaves a British detention camp for Israel. Cyprus, February 10, 1949.
The Norwegian town of Elverum, near the Swedish border, burns after a German bombing mission during the invasion of Norway. Elverum, Norway, May 3, 1940.
This building in the town of Elverum, near Oslo, was damaged during a bombing raid following the German invasion of Norway. Elverum, Norway, May 3, 1940.
German troops walk past a burning hotel during the invasion of Norway. Norway, April-June 1940.
Antisemitic graffiti on a shop window: "The Jewish parasite sold Norway on the 9th of April." April 9 was the day of the German invasion in 1940. Norway, ca. 1940.
Antisemitic graffiti on the window of a Jewish-owned store. Norway, wartime.
The Donau, one of the largest ships used to deport Jews from Norway to Germany. From Germany, hundreds of Norwegian Jews were deported to Auschwitz. Norway, 1943.
The Gotenland, one of the ships used during the deportation of Jews from Norway to Germany. Norway, 1943.
The Monte Rosa (right), one of the ships used to deport Jews from Norway to Germany. Norway, 1943.
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