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  • Norman Salsitz with his sister Rachel and brother David

    Photo

    This 1925 photograph taken in Kolbuszowa, Poland, shows Norman Salsitz (at right) with his sister Rachel (left) and brother David (center). With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to…

    Norman Salsitz with his sister Rachel and brother David
  • Norman Salsitz holds a photograph of his wife and daughter

    Photo

    Norman Salsitz holds a photograph of his wife, Amalie, and daughter, Esther. 2004. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Norman was one of them.

    Norman Salsitz holds a photograph of his wife and daughter
  • Three-year-old Thomas Buergenthal with his parents

    Photo

    Three-year-old Thomas Buergenthal with his parents, Mundek and Gerda. Czechoslovakia, June 1937. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Thomas was one of them. 

    Three-year-old Thomas Buergenthal with his parents
  • Thomas Buergenthal with his mother, Gerda, in Goettingen

    Photo

    Thomas Buergenthal with his mother, Gerda, in Goettingen, Germany, 1950. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Thomas was one of them. 

    Thomas Buergenthal with his mother, Gerda, in Goettingen
  • Thomas Buergenthal with his first wife, Dorothy

    Photo

    Thomas with his first wife, Dorothy, at the Zeta Tau Alpha Spring Formal, 1957. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Thomas was one of them. 

    Thomas Buergenthal with his first wife, Dorothy
  • Photograph of Thomas Buergenthal with his wife, Peggy

    Photo

    Photograph of Thomas with his wife, Peggy. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Thomas was one of them. 

    Photograph of Thomas Buergenthal with his wife, Peggy
  • Abraham Lewent describes his father's death at Majdanek

    Oral History

    Like other Jews, the Lewents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In 1942, as Abraham hid in a crawl space, the Germans seized his mother and sisters in a raid. They perished. He was deployed for forced labor nearby, but escaped to return to his father in the ghetto. In 1943, the two were deported to Majdanek, where Abraham's father died. Abraham later was sent to Skarzysko, Buchenwald, Schlieben, Bisingen, and Dachau. US troops liberated Abraham as the Germans evacuated prisoners.

    Tags: Majdanek
    Abraham Lewent describes his father's death at Majdanek
  • Frank Liebermann has a conversation with his teddy bear

    Photo

    Holocaust survivor Frank Liebermann has a conversation with his teddy bear. Germany, 1933–35. On Frank Liebermann’s first day of school in Gleiwitz, Germany, in 1935, he reported to one of the few small classrooms set aside for Jews. After school, he rushed home to avoid antisemitic attacks. In 1936, it got worse. Anti-Jewish laws now banned Frank from playgrounds and swimming pools. The family decided it was time to leave and applied for US visas. They were lucky. In October 1938, the…

    Frank Liebermann has a conversation with his teddy bear
  • Franz Wohlfahrt describes the trial and sentencing of his father

    Oral History

    Franz and his family were Jehovah's Witnesses. Germany annexed Austria in 1938. After World War II began, Franz's father was executed because, as a Witness, he opposed war. In 1940, Franz refused to participate in military training and would not salute the Nazi flag. He was imprisoned, interrogated by the Gestapo (German Secret State Police) in Graz, and sentenced to five years of hard labor in a camp in Germany. Franz was liberated by US forces in 1945.

    Franz Wohlfahrt describes the trial and sentencing of his father
  • Chaim Engel recalls the Sobibor uprising and his escape

    Oral History

    In 1939, as Chaim's tour in the Polish army was nearing its scheduled end, Germany invaded Poland. The Germans captured Chaim and sent him to Germany for forced labor. As a Jewish prisoner of war, Chaim later was returned to Poland. Ultimately, he was deported to the Sobibor camp, where the rest of his family died. In the 1943 Sobibor uprising, Chaim killed a guard. He escaped with his girlfriend, Selma, whom he later married. A farmer hid them until liberation by Soviet forces in June 1944.

    Chaim Engel recalls the Sobibor uprising and his escape
  • Leon Bass describes his experience as a Black soldier

    Oral History

    Leon Bass was born in Philadelphia, PA in 1925. He joined the US Army in 1943 and served as a member of the all-Black 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion attached to General Patton's Third Army. Leon's unit was involved in the Battle of the Bulge as well as the liberation of Buchenwald. After the war, Leon went on to receive his doctorate, teach, and speak about the Holocaust and racism.  In this interview, Leon describes the his frustration with the discord between the United State's condemnation of Nazi…

    Leon Bass describes his experience as a Black soldier
  • Chaim Engel describes his role in the Sobibor uprising

    Oral History

    In 1939, as Chaim's tour in the Polish army was nearing its scheduled end, Germany invaded Poland. The Germans captured Chaim and sent him to Germany for forced labor. As a Jewish prisoner of war, Chaim later was returned to Poland. Ultimately, he was deported to the Sobibor camp, where the rest of his family died. In the 1943 Sobibor uprising, Chaim killed a guard. He escaped with his girlfriend, Selma, whom he later married. A farmer hid them until liberation by Soviet forces in June 1944.

    Chaim Engel describes his role in the Sobibor uprising
  • Mayer Adler describes his family's preparations for deportation

    Oral History

    Mayer grew up in a rural town that was occupied by Hungary in 1940. After Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944, Mayer and his family were forced into a ghetto. They were then deported to the Auschwitz camp in Poland, where Mayer's parents and brothers perished. Mayer was selected for forced labor, and was later transferred to a satellite camp of Dachau, in Germany. He was liberated from Dachau in 1945. Sponsored by a children's committee, he immigrated to the United States.

    Mayer Adler describes his family's preparations for deportation
  • Miles Lerman describes the impact of his wartime experiences

    Oral History

    Miles Lerman was a Holocaust survivor, partisan fighter in the forests of Poland, international leader in the cause of Holocaust remembrance, and a "founding father" of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

    Miles Lerman describes the impact of his wartime experiences
  • Dallas Peyton describes his recollections of the liberation of Dachau

    Oral History

    Dallas Peyton of Tucson, Arizona, was a member of the 70th Armored Infantry. In 1945, with other liberating troops, he entered the Dachau camp and encountered survivors and evidence of atrocities.

    Dallas Peyton describes his recollections of the liberation of Dachau
  • Miles Lerman describes returning to his hometown

    Oral History

    Miles Lerman was a Holocaust survivor, partisan fighter in the forests of Poland, international leader in the cause of Holocaust remembrance, and a "founding father" of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

    Miles Lerman describes returning to his hometown
  • Norman Salsitz looking through his photographs

    Photo

    Norman Salsitz looks through his prewar family photographs. 2004. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most eventually emigrated from Europe to start their lives again. Between 1945 and 1952, more than 80,000 Holocaust survivors immigrated to the United States. Norman was one of them.

    Norman Salsitz looking through his photographs
  • Ion Antonescu before his execution

    Photo

    Former Romanian prime minister Ion Antonescu (center) before his execution as a war criminal. Fort Jivava, near Bucharest, Romania, June 1, 1946.

    Ion Antonescu before his execution
  • Lion Feuchtwanger during his internment in the Les Milles camp

    Photo

    Lion Feuchtwanger (1884–1958), German-Jewish novelist, playwright, essayist, during his internment in the Les Milles camp. Les Milles, France, 1940.

    Lion Feuchtwanger during his internment in the Les Milles camp
  • Horst Wessel leads his SA formation through the streets

    Photo

    Horst Wessel leads his SA formation through the streets of Nuremberg during the fourth Nazi Party Congress in August 1929. 

    Horst Wessel leads his SA formation through the streets
  • A US soldier draws water from a stream with his helmet

    Photo

    An American GI using his steel helmet to draw water from a stream during the Battle of the Bulge. December 22, 1944. US Army Signal Corps photograph taken by J Malan Heslop.

    A US soldier draws water from a stream with his helmet
  • Russian-born Jewish artist Marc Chagall with his daughter, Ida

    Photo

    Russian-born Jewish artist Marc Chagall with his daughter, Ida. The Nazis declared Chagall's work "degenerate." After the fall of France, where he had been living, Chagall fled to the United States. United States, 1942.

    Tags: artists
    Russian-born Jewish artist Marc Chagall with his daughter, Ida
  • Ustasa guards order a Jewish man to remove his ring

    Photo

    Ustasa (Croatian fascist) camp guards order a Jewish man to remove his ring before being shot. Jasenovac concentration camp, Yugoslavia, between 1941 and 1945.

    Ustasa guards order a Jewish man to remove his ring
  • Elie Wiesel with his wife and son during the Faith in Humankind conference

    Photo

    Elie Wiesel (right) with his wife and son during the Faith in Humankind conference, held several years before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. September 18–19, 1984, in Washington, DC.

    Elie Wiesel with his wife and son during the Faith in Humankind conference
  • Elie Wiesel, his wife Marion, and President Ion Iliescu in Sighet

    Photo

    Elie Wiesel with his wife Marion and President Ion Iliescu in Sighet following the presentation of the Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. Learn more about Romania facing its past.

    Elie Wiesel, his wife Marion, and President Ion Iliescu in Sighet

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