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Two Jewish men, wearing badges identifying them as Jews, stand before SS men in the Ponary forest outside Vilna. Ponary served as the main Nazi killing site for Vilna's Jewish inhabitants. ca. July 1941.
A group of Macedonian Jewish youth, members of a band, pose with their instruments on a makeshift stage in Bitola. September 18, 1930.
SA men in front of Jewish-owned store urge a boycott with the signs reading "Germans! Defend Yourselves! Don't buy from Jews!" Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933.
A welfare officer of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assists Polish Jewish orphans en route to France and Belgium. Prague, Czechoslovakia, probably 1946.
Jewish refugee orphans pose for a group photograph at Lindenfels displaced persons camp, administered by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Germany, April 21, 1948.
This photograph shows a Jewish boy wearing the compulsory Star of David. Prague, Czechoslovakia, between September 1941 and December 1944.
The last group of European Jewish refugees leaves a British detention camp for Israel. Cyprus, February 10, 1949.
Jewish refugees protest British immigration policy in Palestine. Zeilsheim displaced persons camp, Germany, between 1945 and 1948.
During the anti-Jewish boycott, SA men carry banners which read "Germans! Defend Yourselves! Do Not Buy From Jews!" Berlin, Germany, March or April 1933.
Jewish refugees being rescued aboard a Danish fishing boat bound for Sweden. October 1943.
A Jewish woman during a deportation from the Warsaw ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, between October 1940 and May 1943.
Jewish-owned shop destroyed during Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom. Berlin, Germany, November 1938.
Six Jewish girls hidden from the Nazis at the Dominican Convent of Lubbeek near Hasselt. Belgium, between October 1942 and October 1944.
Members of a Jewish family walking along a Berlin street wear the compulsory Star of David badge. Berlin, Germany, September 27, 1941.
Storefronts of Jewish-owned businesses damaged during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") pogrom. Berlin, Germany, November 10, 1938.
Local residents watch the burning of the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery in Graz during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Graz, Austria, November 9–10, 1938.
Jewish refugee children—part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport)—from Vienna, Austria, arrive at Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
Jewish refugee children, part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) from Germany, upon arrival in Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
Jewish children wearing the compulsory yellow badge. In September 1943, they were deported to Auschwitz.Antwerp, Belgium, 1943.
Jewish women and children deported from Hungary, separated from the men, line up for selection. Auschwitz camp, Poland, May 1944.
Austrian Jewish children being transported to the United States by Eleanor and Gilbert Kraus perform a life jacket drill aboard the ship President Harding. June 1939.
Deportation of Jewish children from the Lodz ghetto in German-occupied Poland during the "Gehsperre" Aktion, September 1942.
A German policeman interrogates a Jewish man accused of trying to smuggle a loaf of bread into the Warsaw ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, 1942-1943.
Jewish women at forced labor in a sewing workshop in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, between 1940 and 1944.
Austrian Jewish refugee children, members of one of the Children's Transports (Kindertransport), arrive at a London train station. Great Britain, February 2, 1939.
Arrival of Polish Jewish displaced persons in Vienna. They were sheltered at the Rothschild Hospital displaced persons camp. Vienna, Austria, 1946.
Edward Arzt, a Jewish displaced person (DP), stands at the entrance to the Cinecittà DP camp in Rome, Italy, 1947. Arzt and his family lived in the camp for three years before immigrating to the United States.
Ursula Tenenbaum, a Jewish displaced person (DP), watches her daughter, Katja, in the Cinecittà DP camp in Italy, June 1945.
Austrian and German Jewish displaced persons (DPs)—who had survived the war in Albania—pose aboard a British ship taking them to the Tricase DP camp in Italy, September 28, 1945.
SS guards and Lithuanian collaborators force Jewish men into the Ponary forest, a site for mass killings outside of Vilna. German-occupied Lithuania, 1941.
Jewish men are led to a site in the Ponary forest outside of Vilna, where they will be shot by Lithuanian collaborators, commanded by members of a German Einsatzgruppe. 1941.
[This video is silent] German forces entered Warsaw in September 1939. The next month, they ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat) in the city. They chose Adam Czerniakow, a member of Warsaw's old Jewish Community Council, to lead it. Here, for German newsreels, a German propaganda company stages a meeting between Czerniakow and petitioners from the ghetto. The Germans expected Czerniakow to implement German orders, including demands for forced labor and confiscations of Jewish-owned…
September 16, 1919. On this date, Adolf Hitler issued his first written comment on the so-called Jewish Question.
Nazis block Jews from entering the University of Vienna. Austria, 1938.
German policemen search an elderly, religious Jew at gunpoint in German-occupied Poland, circa 1941.
This photo was taken during the journey of Bluma (Kleinhandler) and Zygmunt Godzinski from Poland to Argentina. Casablanca, Morocco, 1946.
Portrait of two Jewish girls dressed in traditional Macedonian costume in a private home in Bitola. Pictured are Matilda Kamchi (or Camhi, left) and a friend. Both perished in Treblinka. Bitola, 1937.
German Jewish refugee Erwin Eisfelder stands outside Cafe Louis on Ward Road. The cafe was named in honor of his father. It was a popular gathering place for refugees in Shanghai during the war years. Shanghai, China, ca. 1944.
German Jewish refugee artist David Bloch. In November 1938 Bloch was interned for several weeks in the Dachau concentration camp near Munich. With the help of his brother in the United States, he escaped from Germany to Shanghai in May 1940.
Dr. Bernard Deutsch, president of the American Jewish Congress (center) and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise (right) participate in a mass demonstration against Nazi treatment of German Jews. The demonstration took place on the same day as the book burnings in Germany. New York, United States, May 10, 1933.
The Jewish refugee ship Pan-York, carrying new citizens to the recently established state of Israel, docks at Haifa. The ship sailed from southern Europe to Israel, via Cyprus. Haifa, Israel, July 9, 1948.
Jewish refugee youth from French transit camps at the Children's Aid Society (OSE) home "Maison des Pupilles de la Nation." Some of the children are in flight, en route to Switzerland. Aspet, France, June-August 1942.
Scene during the Evian Conference on Jewish refugees. On the far right are two of the US delegates: Myron Taylor and James McDonald of the President's Advisory Committee on Political Refugees. Evian-les-Bains, France, July 1938.
A transport of 200 Jewish children, fleeing postwar antisemitic violence in Poland, arrives at the Prague railroad station. The children are on their way to displaced persons camps in the American-occupied zone of Germany. Prague, Czechoslovakia, July 15, 1946.
Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, passengers on the St. Louis, disembark in the port of Antwerp. Cuba and the United States denied entry to these refugees. Belgian police guard the gangway. Antwerp, Belgium, June 17, 1939.
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