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The White Rose Opposition Movement
ArticleThe White Rose, led by students including Hans and Sophie Scholl, was an anti-Nazi group during WWII. Its members spread leaflets denouncing the regime.
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Who Tried the Case?
ArticleThe prosecutors for the trial of Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg came the victorious Allied nations—the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.
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Who Was Put on Trial?
ArticleThe International Military Tribunal charged 24 defendants representing a cross-section of German diplomatic, economic, political, and military leadership.
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Who were the Victims?
ArticleJews were the primary targets for mass murder by the Nazis and their collaborators. Nazi policies also led to the brutalization and persecution of millions of others.
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Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events: 1928–1951
ArticleSurvivor Elie Wiesel devoted his life to educating the world about the Holocaust. Learn about key events in the world and his life from 1928–1951.
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Wilhelm Frick
ArticleBrief overview of the charges against Wilhelm Frick during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Frick was Reich minister of the interior 1933-1943.
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Wilhelm Keitel
ArticleBrief overview of the charges against Wilhelm Keitel, German Armed Forces High Command leader, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
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Wilhelm Keitel: Biography
ArticleField Marshal Wilhelm Keitel served as commander of all German armed forces during World War I...
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William L. Shirer
ArticleAmerican journalist, foreign correspondent, author, and pioneer radio broadcaster William L. Shirer was one of the key observers and chroniclers of the Nazi regime.
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Witnessing History
ArticleMany journalists, private citizens, and staff observed the historic events of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg from the visitors' gallery.
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Women during the Holocaust
ArticleMillions of women were persecuted and murdered during the Holocaust era. The regime frequ...
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Women in the Third Reich
ArticleGerman women played a vital role in the Nazi movement, one which far exceeded the Nazi Party&r...
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World War I
ArticleThe experiences of World War I and its aftermath would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust.
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World War I: Aftermath
ArticleThe trauma of WWI would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust. Learn more about the aftermath of the conflict.
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World War I and its Aftermath: Key Dates
ArticleExplore a timeline of key events in the history of World War I and its aftermath. Learn about the conflict and its divisive peace.
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World War I and the Armenian Genocide
ArticleMass atrocities and genocide are often perpetrated within the context of war. The Armenian genocide was closely linked to World War I in the Near East and the Russian Caucasus. Ottoman Turkey fought on the side of the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) and against the Entente Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia). World War I offered the Young Turk dictatorship (Committee on Union and Progress; CUP) an opportunity to realize its nationalist aims. Already inclined toward Germany due…
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World War I: Treaties and Reparations
ArticleAfter the devastation of WWI, the victorious western powers imposed a series of treaties upon the defeated nations. Learn about the treaties and their impact.
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World War II: In Depth
ArticleGermany started World War II in Europe on September 1, 1939, by invading Poland. War would continue until 1945. Learn more about key events in the history of WWII.
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World War II in Eastern Europe, 1942–1945
ArticleGerman Domination Until the winter of 1942-1943, the German army was victorious in an almost unbroken chain of battlefield successes. Europe lay under German domination. After a successful German advance in summer 1942, the battle for the city of Stalingrad in late 1942 proved a turning point. Soviet forces halted the German advance at Stalingrad on the Volga River and in the Caucasus. After this defeat, German troops were forced on the defensive, beginning the long retreat westward that was to end…
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World War II in Europe
ArticleGermany started World War II in Europe on September 1, 1939, by invading Poland. War would continue until 1945. Learn more about WWII and genocide in Europe.
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World War II in Europe
ArticleWorld War II in Europe During World War II, Germany overran much of Europe using a new tactic called the "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war). Blitzkrieg involved the massing of planes, tanks, and artillery. These forces would break through enemy defenses along a narrow front. Air power prevented the enemy from closing the breach. German forces encircled opposing troops, forcing them to surrender. Using the Blitzkrieg tactic, Germany defeated Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmark (April 1940), Norway…
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World War II in the Pacific
ArticleThe Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was the impetus for the United States...
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World War II Liberation Photography: Learning about Photographs You May Have in your Home
ArticleMany extremely graphic photographs taken at the time of liberation document crimes of the Nazi era. Learn about some of the most commonly reproduced photos.
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World War II Dates and Timeline
ArticleWorld War II was the largest and most destructive conflict in history. Learn about key WWII dates in this timeline of events, including when WW2 started and ended.
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Writers and Poets in the Ghettos
ArticleSongs, verses, and writings of writers and poets in the ghettos reflect efforts to preserve culture, humanity, and documentation, as well as acts of defiance. Explore examples.
