Browse an alphabetical list of photographs. These historical images portray people, places, and events before, during, and after World War II and the Holocaust.
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A Jewish-owned cafe in Vienna that was defaced with antisemitic graffiti. Vienna, Austria, November 1938.
An assortment of antisemitic handbills, posters, and stickers from Germany, 1919.
Page of Der Stürmer (The Attacker), a viciously anti-Jewish newspaper published by Julius Streicher. The illustration is an antisemitic photomontage, Germany, 1939. This image was presented as evidence at the Nuremberg trials.
An antisemitic isolationist publication in the United States, ca. 1938–41. It blames Jews and Jewish interests for the war and advocates the boycott of Jewish businesses.
This photo shows a placard urging Hungarian Jews to unite against rising antisemitism in prewar Hungary and Europe. It rallies Jews to protest, using such phrases as: "Protect Jewish honor!”; “Do not buy from our enemies!”; and “Do not watch movies from the Third Reich." Hungary, 1937.
Antisemitic poster equating Jews with communism. The poster calls for the boycotting of Jewish interests. United States, 1939.
An antisemitic poster published in German-occupied Poland in March 1941. The caption reads, "Jews are lice; They cause typhus." This German-published propaganda poster was intended to instill fear of Jews among Christian Poles.
Antisemitic propaganda in the United States that presents President Franklin D. Roosevelt's declaration of a state of unlimited national emergency as the product of an international Jewish conspiracy to save world Jewry and to bring destruction upon America. United States, ca. 1938–41. Among the antisemitic declarations on the caricature are: "Jews Are The Cause of High Taxes - Slavery - Starvation and Death ---" "How long will the American people continue to tolerate this…
A Jewish man wearing a yellow star reads newly posted antisemitic regulations in Budapest. Hungary, 1944.
A sign outside a town in northern Bavaria warns: "City of Hersbruck. This lovely city of Hersbruck, this glorious spot of earth, was created only for Germans and not for Jews. Jews are therefore not welcome." Hersbruck, Germany, May 4, 1935.
Cover of The Jewish Peril: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, published in London, 1920. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most notorious and widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. Its lies about Jews, which have been repeatedly discredited, continue to circulate today, especially on the Internet.
An antisemitic illustration from a Nazi film strip. The caption, translated from German, states: "As an alien race Jews had no civil rights in the middle ages. They had to reside in a restricted section of town, in a ghetto." Place and date uncertain.
African American athlete Archie Williams competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter race. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans.
Detail of the 14th Street facade of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC, April 2003.
Architectural details in the third floor lounge in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Arie Wilner, a founder of the Warsaw ghetto's Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB). He was killed in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw, Poland, before 1943.
Armenian children lie in the street of an unidentified town. Photograph taken by Armin T. Wegner. Wegner served as a nurse with the German Sanitary Corps. In 1915 and 1916, Wegner traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire and documented atrocities carried out against the Armenians. [Courtesy of Sybil Stevens (daughter of Armin T. Wegner). Wegner Collection, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach & United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.]
A small group of Armenian deportees walking through the Taurus Mountain region, carrying bundles. A woman in the foreground carries a child. Ottoman Empire, ca. November 1915. Photograph taken by Armin T. Wegner. Wegner served as a nurse with the German Sanitary Corps. In 1915 and 1916, Wegner traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire and documented atrocities carried out against the Armenians. [Courtesy of Sybil Stevens (daughter of Armin T. Wegner). Wegner Collection, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach…
Armenian families next to makeshift tents in a refugee camp. Ottoman Empire, 1915-16.Photograph taken by Armin T. Wegner. Wegner served as a nurse with the German Sanitary Corps. In 1915 and 1916, Wegner traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire and documented atrocities carried out against the Armenians. [Courtesy of Sybil Stevens (daughter of Armin T. Wegner). Wegner Collection, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach & United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.]
A group of 1,500 Armenian children at a refugee camp of the Near East Relief organization in Alexandroupolis. Greece, 1921–22.
A group of Armenian refugees. 1915-20. Sometimes called the first genocide of the twentieth century, the Armenian genocide refers to the physical annihilation of Armenian Christian people living in the Ottoman Empire from spring 1915 through autumn 1916. There were approximately 1.5 million Armenians living in the multiethnic Ottoman Empire in 1915. At least 664,000 and possibly as many as 1.2 million died during the genocide, either in massacres and individual killings, or from systematic ill treatment,…
Refugees foraging at Alexandropol, Russian Armenia. Photograph taken by John Elder. In 1917, Elder, a divinity student from Pennsylvania, joined the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief team that was aiding refugees. For two years, Elder did volunteer work with Armenian orphans. During that time, he photographed refugees and conditions at camps.
Armenian refugees in the desert. A man in the foreground lies on the ground on a layer of bedding. 1915-20.
Army Military Police guarding the boundaries of the Manzanar Relocation Center in California, one of ten relocation camps where American residents of Japanese ancestry were forcibly deported, April 2, 1942.
Portrait of US combat photographer Arnold E. Samuelson. France, 1944-1945. Samuelson took some of the best known photographs of Holocaust survivors upon the liberation of the camps.
Aron and Lisa in Poland, ca. 1994, while accompanying high school students as part of a "Shoreshim" group.
Aron and Lisa when they came to America. Photograph probably taken in Chicago, Illinois, 1947.
Aron and Lisa with Tadek Soroka, the Pole who helped them escape, on the occasion of Soroka's recognition as a "Righteous among the nations" by Yad Vashem. Jerusalem, Israel, 1983.
Aron and Lisa with the Emmy they won for their 1997 documentary, A Journey of Remembrance. Photograph taken in Northbrook, Illinois, 1998.
Aron and Lisa's firstborn child, Howard. Chicago, Illinois, 1949.
Aron and Lisa's three sons (Howard, Gordon, and Daniel) at the middle son's graduation from the University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wisconsin, ca. 1972.
Aron Derman and Neenah Ellis look at one of Aron's family photographs. 2004.
Aron Derman while he was with Polish partisans in 1944. In this photograph, Aron wears a fur hat that he made and boots that he finished himself (he found them in the ghetto, unfinished, and sewed them up). Lisa Nussbaum was also a member of the partisans. Aron recounted that for a short while, Lisa was in charge of 200 women. Photograph taken in 1944, in a partisan base in the Naroch forest.
Aron in Budapest, 1945, while en route from Poland to Italy with Brihah, moving to Palestine. In Aron's words: "We got connected with the Brihah in Poland, got directions to go to Bratislava and on to Budapest. On our trip, we didn't know where we going from city to city, only our final destination." July 5, 1945, Budapest, Hungary.
Aron standing in Howard's men's clothing store (named for his eldest son) at 9125 Commercial Avenue in Chicago. He opened the store in 1949 and owned it for 30 years. Chicago, Illinois, early 1970s.
Aron in Teaneck, New Jersey, in the early 1970s. This photograph was taken by Hyman Alpert, known as "Trigger." Alpert, a cousin of Aron's, was a musician with the Glenn Miller Orchestra. Alpert went on to become a photographer in Teaneck.
Aron standing in Howard's men's clothing store (named for his eldest son) at 9125 Commercial Avenue in Chicago. He opened the store in 1949 and owned it for 30 years. Chicago, Illinois, early 1970s.
A British policeman (left) organizes the arrest of passengers from the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Parita after they disembarked near Tel Aviv. Palestine, August 22, 1939.
A waiter from Düsseldorf who was arrested by the Gestapo for allegedly having sexual relations with other men. Düesseldorf, Germany, 1938. [RW 58-61940] The Nazi regime considered homosexuality a moral vice that threatened the current and future strength of the German people. They carried out a campaign against male homosexuality that included shutting down gay and lesbian meeting places and arresting men under Paragraph 175, the statute of the German criminal code that banned sexual relations between…
A transport of Jews from Hungary arrives at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Poland, May 1944.
Jews from Subcarpathian Rus get off the deportation train and assemble on the ramp at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center in occupied Poland. May 1944.
Newly arrived prisoners at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, 1938-1940.
Shaving an inmate upon arrival at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Germany, February 1941.
Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, October 1942.
Arrival of a transport of Dutch Jews in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Czechoslovakia, February 1944.
A transport of Hungarian Jews lines up on the ramp for selection at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center in German-occupied Poland. May 1944. In mid-May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, in coordination with the German Security Police, began to systematically deport the Hungarian Jews. SS Colonel Adolf Eichmann was chief of the team of "deportation experts" that worked with the Hungarian authorities. The Hungarian police carried out the roundups and forced the Jews onto the deportation trains. In…
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