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The Riegner telegram detailed the Nazi plan to systematically murder European Jews. It was sent to the British and American governments in August 1942.
The front page of the New York World Telegram newspaper from Tuesday, October 1, 1946, announcing the sentences of the International Military Tribunal defendants.
The SS Quanza was a Portuguese ship chartered by Jewish refugees attempting to escape Nazi-dominated Europe in August 1940. Passengers with valid visas were allowed to disembark in New York and Vera Cruz, but that left 81 refugees seeking asylum. On September 10, 1940, they sent this telegram to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt to implore her for help.
A second RCA Radiogram telegram from Rabbi Grodzenski, Chief Rabbi of Vilna, to the Central Relief Committee in New York. He requests aid for refugees who have gathered in Vilna. The telegram says that more than 1,600 yeshiva students and their families from over 10 cities throughout Poland have fled to Vilna, where they remain in terrible living conditions. November 5, 1939. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]
On May 25, 1939, artist Moritz Schoenberger sent this radiogram (a telegram sent by radio) from the ocean liner "St. Louis" during the voyage from Hamburg, Germany, to Havana, Cuba. On this voyage, the "St. Louis" carried over 900 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. The telegram reads, in part, "Physically and spiritually recovered and invigorated most confident about reaching Havana Saturday. Money received. Many thanks. Kisses. Papa." Schoenberger's optimism proved unfounded. Cuban authorities…
The SS Quanza was a Portuguese ship chartered by 317 Jewish refugees attempting to escape Nazi-dominated Europe in August 1940. Learn about its journey.
April 2, 1945. On this date, Anthony Acevedo wrote in his diary about his experience as a prisoner of war.
Explore a timeline of key events in the history of World War I and its aftermath. Learn about the conflict and its divisive peace.
Hermann Göring held many positions of power and leadership within the Nazi state. Learn about key dates in the life of Hermann Göring.
The American Jewish Congress led anti-Nazi protest rallies in the 1930s and 1940s. Learn about the AJC's creation, leadership, activities, and rescue efforts.
The New Synagogue in Trieste, Italy. It opened in 1912 and was desecrated by the Nazis on July 18, 1942. Trieste, Italy, July 18, 1942.
Halle an der Saale was a satellite camp of Buchenwald concentration camp. It was established by the Nazis in Saxony, Germany in 1941.
The Ministries Case was Case #11 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
Eduard Schulte was a prominent German industrialist and secret anti-Nazi who leaked the first report to the west that the Nazis intended to murder all Jews in Europe.
American journalist, foreign correspondent, author, and pioneer radio broadcaster William L. Shirer was one of the key observers and chroniclers of the Nazi regime.
Karl Höcker’s album shows him in close contact to the main perpetrators at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Learn about his 1963 trial and the significance of his album.
Jews bound for the rail station during deportation action from Sighet. May 18, 1944.
Members of the press during the trial of John Demjanjuk. Jerusalem, Israel, March 18, 1987.
SS and Nazi police prepare for a raid on the Jewish community offices in Vienna. Austria, March 18, 1938.
An 18-month-old Jewish boy, Chaim Leib, who was murdered at the Auschwitz killing center in occupied Poland. Bukovina, Romania, 1942.
American soldiers look at the exhumed bodies of prisoners who were burned alive in a barn outside Gardelegen. Germany, April 14-18, 1945.
German forces enter Aachen, on the border with Belgium, following the remilitarization of the Rhineland. Aachen, Germany, March 18, 1936.
American soldiers finish their inspection of the Dachau camp's first crematorium. Dachau, Germany, November 18, 1945.
Column of Soviet prisoners of war from the eastern front. Kharkov, Soviet Union, June 18, 1942.
Many journalists, private citizens, and staff observed the historic events of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg from the visitors' gallery.
Learn about the role of Theresienstadt in the deportation of German and Austrian Jews to killing sites and killing centers in the east.
The Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls were developed as Nazi Party youth groups to indoctrinate children and youth in Nazi ideology and policy.
This photograph shows the refugee ship Pentcho, carrying over 500 passengers bound for Palestine, sailing in the Aegean Sea. It had departed from Bratislava on May 18, 1940. In October 1940, while the Pentcho was sailing in Italian territory, its boiler exploded. The passengers and crew were able to get ashore and offload their supplies before the ship finally sank. On October 18 and 19, Italian authorities picked up the refugees and took them to Rhodes. They stayed there for over a year in a…
Born to a Jewish family in Preveza, Joseph Gani was endangered by the German occupation of Greece. In March 1944, the Nazis deported the Jews of Preveza to Auschwitz. Joseph was killed several months later, at the age of 18. These maps add geograp...
A group of Macedonian Jewish youth, members of a band, pose with their instruments on a makeshift stage in Bitola. September 18, 1930.
American troops inspect the site of the Gardelegen atrocity. In the background, German civilians exhume corpses who were buried in a mass grave by the SS. Germany, April 18, 1945.
An American tank follows German civilians from Gardelegen who are marching to a barn just outside the town, where they will dig graves for over 1,000 prisoners killed by the SS inside the barn. April 18, 1945.
African American soldier Warren Capers was recommended for a Silver Star for his actions during the Allied invasion of France. He and his medical detachment aided more than 330 soldiers. France, August 18, 1944.
A sign at the military cemetery in Gardelegen in memory of the prisoners who were killed by the SS in a barn near the town. Germany, April 18, 1945.
US troops inspect a barn on the outskirts of the town of Gardelegen that was the site of the massacre of over 1,000 concentration camp prisoners. Germany, April 14-18, 1945.
Bonde Gaza, a Hungarian musician who survived the Gardelegen atrocity, demonstrates to American soldiers how he managed to escape from the barn which the SS had set on fire. Germany, April 14–18, 1945.
Defendant Adolf Eichmann identifies the city of Danzig (Gdansk) on a map during his trial in Jerusalem. Israel, July 18, 1961.
A man, women and a child sort through the rubble of a Polish home destroyed during World War I. Photograph taken ca. October 18, 1915.
A Jewish girl, one of the "Tehran Children" (about 1,000 Polish Jewish refugee children who reached Palestine), upon arrival at the Atlit train station. Palestine, February 18, 1943.
A group of Polish Jewish refugee children (known as the "Tehran Children") arrives in Palestine via Iran. Atlit reception camp, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
A group of Polish Jewish refugee children known as the "Tehran Children" after their arrival in Palestine. Atlit, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
A group of Polish Jewish refugee children, known as the "Tehran Children," arrives in Palestine via Iran. Atlit reception camp, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
Henrietta Szold (left, in hat), founder of the Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization, welcomes some of the Polish Jewish refugee children known as the Tehran Children, upon their arrival in Palestine. Atlit, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
A nurse helps one of the "Tehran Children," Polish Jewish refugees, disembark from a train at the Atlit refugee camp. Atlit, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
Eliahu Dobkin of the Jewish Agency (left) and Henrietta Szold, founder of the Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization (second from left), await the arrival of the "Tehran Children." Atlit, Palestine, February 18, 1943.
SS chief Heinrich Himmler (right) during a visit to the Auschwitz camp. Poland, July 18, 1942.
Elie Wiesel speaks at the Faith in Humankind conference, held before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, on September 18–19, 1984, in Washington, DC.
Elie Wiesel speaks at the Faith in Humankind conference, held several years before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. September 18–19, 1984, in Washington, DC.
Interior designer from Duesseldorf who was charged with homosexuality and imprisoned for 18 months. Duesseldorf, Germany, date uncertain.
A German motorcycle unit advances through the Bydgoszcz region during the invasion of Poland. September 18, 1939.
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