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Nazi-produced propaganda slide entitled "Leading Figures of the System." The image was presented during a lecture called "Jewry, Its Blood-based Essence in Past and Future," Part I in a series on Jewry, Freemasonry, and Bolshevism. Germany, circa 1936. The slide features the portraits of six prominent Jewish political and cultural figures in Weimar Germany. Georg Bernhard, Rudolf Hilferding, and Walther Rathenau were among the authors whose works were targeted during the 1933 Nazi book burnings.
Portrait of writer Sigrid Undset, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928. Often with feminist themes, her novels were banned and burned in part because of her public criticism of the Nazi regime. Photo taken by Anders Beer Wilse on July 1, 1923.
Sigrid Undset's novels were among the texts the Nazis banned and burned. Undset had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of a faction of Russian communists known as the Bolsheviks. After the Russian Revolution broke out in 1917, Lenin seized control and established the Soviet Union. Photographed circa 1920. The Nazis had declared themselves the sworn enemies of Bolshevik Russia, its architect and dictator Vladimir Lenin, and his successor Josef Stalin.
Foreign Minister of Germany from 1938 to 1945, Joachim von Ribbentrop sits in his cell during the Nuremberg trials. Photographed circa November 20, 1945 – October 01, 1946.
Propaganda slide for a Hitler Youth educational presentation entitled "German Achievements in the East." Circa 1934–1937.
Newly arrived prisoners are assembled in the Appellplatz (roll call area) at the Melk camp, a subcamp of Mauthausen in Austria. 1944–45.
Psychiatric patients are evacuated to clinics where they will be murdered as part of the Nazi Euthanasia Program. Photo taken in Germany and dated circa 1942–1944. The term "euthanasia" usually refers to causing a painless death for a chronically or terminally ill individual who would otherwise suffer. In the Nazi context, however, "euthanasia" was a euphemistic or indirect term for a clandestine murder program that targeted individuals with physical and mental disabilities.
Nazi propaganda depicting two racial portraits of individuals considered non-Aryan. The original caption reads: "Then these are barely recognizable as human beings." Circa 1933–1943.
A segregated drinking fountain on the county courthouse lawn in Halifax, North Carolina. Photographed by John Vachon in April 1938.
The Ku Klux Klan marches down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC. Photograph by Harris & Ewing, 1926.
Cartoon depicting the United States' response to the refugee crisis in Europe, as well as the racism and discrimination African Americans faced at home. The Pittsburgh Courier, April 16, 1938. Page 10. Domestic concerns in the United States, including unemployment and national security, combined with prevalent antisemitism and racism, shaped America's immigration policies, responses to Nazism, and willingness to aid European Jews.
A German soldier guards a group of Poles and Jews who have been rounded-up and forced to stand in a line with their arms raised, Poland, September 1939.
German troops view the burning of a village in the Rogachyevo district of Gomel, Belarus, 1941.
A German guard sitting on the end of a 20mm gun platform watches over 50,000 Soviet Prisoners of War (POWs) at Stalag 349, Ukraine, August 14, 1941.
A Hochheim parade float proceeds down the Kirchstrasse, passing by a display box for Der Stürmer, an antisemitic newspaper. The display box bears the slogan, "Without a solution to the Jewish question, there is no salvation for the German people." Hochheim am Main, Germany, circa 1934–1940.
Adolf Hitler (center) walks and converses with other Nazi officials, date unknown.
Cheering spectators greet Hitler upon his departure for the Reichstag session at which the Enabling Act was passed. The act allowed the government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society.
Dorrith was born in Kassel, Germany, in December 1938. Her parents were Hans and Trudi Oppenheim. Following increased anti-Jewish measures, Dorrith was among the children sent on Kindertransports to find refuge in the United Kingdom. She left Germany on July 24, 1939. She never saw her parents again. They were deported to Auschwitz, where they perished in October 1944.
On the day of the vote on the so-called Enabling Act, the Nazi leadership sent SS troops into the makeshift Reichstag building, formerly the Kroll Opera, to intimidate other political parties. Berlin, Germany, March 23, 1933. The Enabling Act allowed the Reich government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society. The full name of the law was the “Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich.”
Photograph of Esther Lurie and a friend, Jose, who were both students at the Institute of Art in Brussels. Here they are enjoying refreshments on an outdoor terrace in the early 1930s. Lurie would later flee Europe as war became imminent. Brussels, Belgium, 1931–1933.
View of the Sobibor camp gate in the spring of 1943. Jews deported to the Sobibor killing center were driven through the gate into the camp on foot, by truck or horse-drawn cart. The train track led through a separate entrance to the right onto the site. Pine branches were braided into the fence to make it difficult to see in from the outside. This image comes from an album and collection kept by Johann Niemann, who became deputy commandant of the Sobibor killing center after holding positions in the…
Rare photograph showing Sobibor killing center personnel relaxing and posing, all while implementing the mass murder of at least 167,000 innocent Jews.
Rare photograph showing a view of the German personnel living quarters at the entrance to the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland.
Rare image of the Sobibor killing center, taken from an album of photos belonging to Sobibor deputy camp commandant Johann Niemann.
Rare image of the site of the Sobibor killing center, taken from an album of photos belonging to Sobibor deputy camp commandant Johann Niemann.
A group photograph including Johann Niemann in front of the old officers' dining room in the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland, spring 1943.
View of a building that served as a dining room for the Germans and as lodgings for the camp commanders at the Sobibor killing center in German-occupied Poland.
Art handlers at the Schloss Niederschoenhausen storage depot hold a section of Emil Nolde’s confiscated “Das Leben Christi,” 1937. The Nazi regime confiscated the work as "degenerate" art.
Works of confiscated art—including those by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Vincent van Gogh—line the walls of the Schloss Niederschoenhausen storage depot. The Nazi regime confiscated the works as "degenerate" art.
Troops supporting Hitler arrive in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch on November 9, 1923.
Uniformed members of the SA parade down a city street in Duisburg during a Nazi rally, circa 1928.
Adolf Hitler, Julius Streicher, and other dignitaries review passing Nazi Party members at the Deutscher Tag (German Day) celebration in Nuremberg, September 02, 1923.
SS officers and German nurses gather during the dedication ceremony of the new SS hospital in Auschwitz, September 1, 1944. Among those pictured are Karl Höcker, Josef Kramer, and SS-Hauptsturmführer Heinrich Schwarz.
Some of the nursing staff of the "euthanasia" clinic at Hadamar stand outside of the institution after the arrival of US forces, April 5, 1945. Irmgard Huber, the head nurse of the clinic, is probably the person standing fifth from the right. © IWM EA 62183
Runners competing in the 800-meter race at the Olympic games in Berlin. In this photograph, American John Woodruff is just visible in the outside lane. He came from behind to win the race in 1:52.9 minutes. Source record ID: 95/73/12A.
Cigarette card portraying some of the American track and field athletes who competed in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans. Cigarette cards were collectible cards often included in packages of cigarettes into the 1940s.
African American athletes Jesse Owens and Dave Albritton pose with a German citizen. They both competed in the 1936 Olympic Games. Albritton won the silver medal in high jump. Owens won gold medals in the 100-meter dash, 200-meter dash, broad (long) jump, and the 4x100-meter relay.
African American athlete Archie Williams competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter race. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans.
Portrait of Janusz Korczak, a Polish Jewish doctor and author who ran a Jewish orphanage in Warsaw, circa 1930.
Janusz Korczak (center) and Sabina Lejzerowicz (to his right) pose with children and younger staff in Korczak's orphanage in Warsaw, circa 1930-1939. Even as they were deported to their deaths at Treblinka in 1942, Korczak and his staff stayed by their children.
A wall sculpture memorializing Polish Jewish doctor Janusz Korczak resides on the exterior of a teaching hospital that bears his name, Olsztyn, Poland.
Exterior view of the Jewish orphanage run by Janusz Korczak. Established in 1912, the orphanage was located at 92 Krochmalna Street in Warsaw, Poland. Photo taken circa 1935.
In this Nazi propaganda picture, young German children are shown eating a meal. The original caption reads: "Everything for the healthy child." Photo dated 1933–1943.
Two photos showing the exterior and interior views of a Lebensborn home, circa 1933–1943.
Photograph of two of the Tehran Children, who reached Palestine in 1943 via Iran.
SS troops stand at attention for inspection, Germany, 1936-1939. This photo is from an album of SS photographs.
Propaganda poster depicting two Germans in the field during World War II. After the war began in 1939, Police Battalions were deployed alongside the German military. This poster was designed by SS-Hauptsturmführer Felix Albrecht in 1941.
Bernhardt Colberg, a member of Reserve Police Battalion 101, poses in front of its headquarters in the vicinity of Lodz in German-occupied Poland. The police battalions were units of the German Order Police who were deployed to German-occupied areas of Europe during World War II. Photo dated 1940–1941.
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