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World War II veterans and their families continue to uncover extremely graphic
These individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia,...
Martin Niemöller was a prominent Protestant pastor in Germany who emerged as an outspoken public foe of Adolf Hitler. His postwar words, “First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out…” continue to be used in popular culture and public...
The 1936 Olympics in Berlin were the first to employ the torch relay, an Olympic ritual. The Nazi regime used the Olympics to present the false image of a peaceful Germany.
The Chelmo killing center in German-occupied Poland was the first stationary facility where poison gas was used for the mass murder of Jews. The SS and police began killing operations at Chelmno on December 8, 1941. At least 172,000 people were kill...
The Treblinka killing center was one of four camps linked to Operation Reinhard. Known as Treblinka II, it opened in July 1942 about a mile from from Treblinka I, the labor camp. The Germans killed an estimated 925,000 Jews at Treblinka II, as well...
Under the most adverse conditions, Jewish prisoners initiated uprisings in some camps and killing centers. On August 2, 1943, about 1,000 Jewish inmates revolted in Treblinka.
Following World War I, the Treaty of Versailles (1918) declared Danzig to be a free city administered by Poland and the League of Nations. Germany resented the loss of this largely German city. After invading Poland in September 1939, Nazi Germany annexed Danzig.
Under the most adverse conditions, Jewish prisoners initiated resistance and uprisings in some Nazi camps. On October 14, 1943, prisoners in the Sobibor killing center killed 11 members of the camp's SS staff,...
Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940 and established a civilian administration dominated by the SS.
Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 42,000 camps and othe...
The Armenian genocide refers to the physical annihilation of ethnic Armenian Christian people...
The largest of its kind, the Auschwitz camp complex was essential to implementing the Nazi plan for the “Final Solution.” Learn about survivors’ experiences there in the following oral histories.
The Jewish holiday of Purim marks the deliverance of the Jews from a royal death dec...
In May 1944, the entire Jewish population of Sighet was deported to Auschwitz. Most individuals were gassed upon arrival.
From May 17-21, 1944, the entire Jewish population of Sighet was deported to Auschwitz. Of the nearly 14,000 Jews deported from Sighet in May 1944, it is estimated that only several hundred survived.
Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara (January 1, 1900-1986) was the first Japanese diplomat posted to Lithu...
Browse a compilation of clips from film presented as evidence during the Nuremberg trial.
Browse a compilation of clips from film presented as evidence during the Nuremberg trial.
The Nazis established killing centers for efficient mass murder. Unlike concentration camps, w...
The “Great Depression” is the term used for a severe economic recession which began in the United States in 1929. By 1933, nearly 15 million Americans were unemployed.
Approximately 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe in 1933, the year Hitler came to power. This number represented 1.7% of Europe's total population and more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population. By 1945, most European Jews—2 out of every 3—...
Cover and pages from a mimeographed program booklet distributed at the International Mili...
Although Jews were the main target of Nazi hatred, they were not the only group persecuted. Ot...
The word antisemitism means prejudice against or hatred of Jews. The Holoca...
The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi r...
In January 1945, the Third Reich stood on the verge of military defeat. As Allied forces appro...
With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced...
In designing the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the late architect James Ingo Freed,...
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