You searched for: nazi germany

nazi germany

| Displaying results 1051-1100 of 1298 for "nazi germany" |

  • Istvan Geroe

    ID Card

    Istvan was born to a Jewish family in the small agricultural city of Torokszentmiklos, about 65 miles from Budapest. Istvan worked for the Hungarian railroads during World War I, and afterwards earned a degree in pharmacology. In the 1920s Istvan married Barbara Nemeth and they settled in Torokszentmiklos. In 1929 the couple had a son, Janos. 1933-39: During the early 1930s, after the onset of the Depression, Istvan helped his father in the family's grain exporting business. In 1933 Istvan and Barbara…

    Tags: Hungary
    Istvan Geroe
  • Ilona Haas Geroe

    ID Card

    Ilona was one of seven children born to a Jewish family in the city of Szeged, about 100 miles south of Budapest. Her father was an accountant. At the turn of the century many of Ilona's father's relatives emigrated to the United States, but Ilona's father decided to stay. Ilona also became an accountant and got a job in Szeged. 1933-39: Ilona's work as an accountant kept her busy but her free time was spent enjoying music and sports. She also began to study English since so many of her relatives had…

    Tags: Szeged Hungary
    Ilona Haas Geroe
  • Robert Weinberger

    ID Card

    Robert was raised in a German-speaking Jewish family in the Slovakian capital of Bratislava, where his father owned a dental supply business. Robert grew up bilingual: He learned Hungarian from his mother and he attended a German-language Jewish grammar school. 1933-39: When Hitler rose to power in Germany, anti-German sentiment grew in Slovakia and many Jews in Bratislava, like Robert's parents, who had originally identified with German culture, enrolled their children in Slovak schools. In March 1939…

    Robert Weinberger
  • Josef Deutsch

    ID Card

    Josef was born to Yiddish-speaking, religious Jewish parents in the town of Viseu de Sus in Transylvania, a region of Romania that belonged to Hungary until 1918. In 1890 he married Emma Geisler from the nearby town of Bistrita. The couple had four children and after 1910 the family lived at #4 Hid Street in Viseu de Sus. Josef was a merchant who owned a stall in Viseu de Sus's public market. 1933-39: By 1939 two of Josef's grown sons had moved to the Hungarian capital of Budapest. Josef and his wife…

    Josef Deutsch
  • Chava Lea Deutsch

    ID Card

    Chava Lea was born Emma Geisler to Yiddish-speaking, religious Jewish parents. The Deutsch family lived in the village of Budacu de Sus in Transylvania, a region of Romania that belonged to Hungary until 1918. She grew up in the town of Bistrita. In 1890 she married Josef Deutsch, a salesman from the town of Viseu de Sus, where the couple moved in 1910. Chava and Josef raised four children. 1933-39: By 1939 two of Chava Lea's grown sons had moved to the Hungarian capital of Budapest. Chava Lea and her…

    Chava Lea Deutsch
  • Seeking Refuge in Cuba, 1939

    Article

    Learn about the voyages of the ships Orduña, Flandre, and Orinoco in May 1939, carrying Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany and seeking safety in Cuba.

    Seeking Refuge in Cuba, 1939
  • Lublin/Majdanek Concentration Camp: Administration

    Article

    In 1940, the Nazis established Lublin (Majdanek) concentration camp in Lublin, Poland. Learn more about camp administration.

    Lublin/Majdanek Concentration Camp: Administration
  • Riga

    Article

    German forces occupied Riga, Latvia in July 1941. Learn more about the establishment of the Riga ghetto, mass shootings of Jews, and Jewish resistance.

    Riga
  • Tower of Sephardic faces: The Jewish community of Monastir, Macedonia

    Article

    On March 11, 1943, over 3,000 of Monastir’s Jews were deported to Treblinka. Learn more about the history of the community and postwar memorialization.

    Tower of Sephardic faces: The Jewish community of Monastir, Macedonia
  • Sachsenhausen: Conditions in the Camp

    Article

    Learn about conditions in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp system and the treatment of prisoners there, including medical experiments and forced labor.

    Sachsenhausen: Conditions in the Camp
  • Anne Frank Born

    Timeline Event

    June 12, 1929. On this date, future diarist Anne Frank was born to Otto and Edith Frank. She would become a symbol for the children who died in the Holocaust.

    Anne Frank Born
  • Wilhelm Keitel: Biography

    Article

    Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel was commander of all German armed forces during World War II. Learn about his military career and postwar trial.

    Wilhelm Keitel: Biography
  • Polish Jewish Refugees in Lithuania: Unexpected Rescue, 1940–41

    Article

    Learn more about the efforts of L.P.J. de Decker, Jan Zwartendijk, and Chiune Sugihara to help Polish Jewish refugees escape Lithuania during the war.

    Polish Jewish Refugees in Lithuania: Unexpected Rescue, 1940–41
  • Art and Survival: György Beifeld's Visual Memoir from the Russian Front, 1942–1943

    Article

    György Beifeld, a Jewish conscript in the Hungarian army, created a visual memoir of his experiences on the eastern front in 1942–1943 as a member of a forced-labor battalion .

    Art and Survival: György Beifeld's Visual Memoir from the Russian Front, 1942–1943
  • Radiogram from Moritz Schoenberger on the "St. Louis"

    Document

    On May 25, 1939, artist Moritz Schoenberger sent this radiogram (a telegram sent by radio) from the ocean liner "St. Louis" during the voyage from Hamburg, Germany, to Havana, Cuba. On this voyage, the "St. Louis" carried over 900 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. The telegram reads, in part, "Physically and spiritually recovered and invigorated most confident about reaching Havana Saturday. Money received. Many thanks. Kisses. Papa." Schoenberger's optimism proved unfounded. Cuban authorities…

    Radiogram from Moritz Schoenberger on the "St. Louis"
  • Seward Daily Gateway, April 14, 1933

    Document

    Seward Daily Gateway (Alaska) article from April 14, 1933, titled "Great Bonfires of Forbidden Books in Germany to Blaze." This article from Berlin, written the month before the book burnings took place, reported that "Great bonfires will be burning on the campus of German universities in a few days, when the latest Nazi decree goes into effect. The Hitler regime is continuing its nationalistic crusade, has ordered that all books which deal with non-German subjects or espouse non-German causes, must be…

    Seward Daily Gateway, April 14, 1933
  • Trial of Ion Antonescu

    Film

    Ion Antonescu governed Romania from 1940 until 1944. Antonescu aligned Romania with the Axis powers in November 1940, and became one of Nazi Germany's closest allies. Romania joined in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. It also implemented harsh anti-Jewish policies against Jews in Romania. While Antonescu ultimately refused to hand Jews over to the Germans, Romanian forces brutally killed hundreds of thousands of Jews, mainly residents of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and the western Ukraine. As the…

    Trial of Ion Antonescu
  • D-Day bombings over France

    Film

    Allied air superiority over Germany was a decisive factor in the success of the D-Day (June 6, 1944) landings in France. This footage shows the Allied bombing of suspected German positions during the battle. Allied air attacks both supported Allied ground operations in Normandy and prevented German reinforcements from reaching the area. The Allies would liberate most of France by the end of August 1944.

    D-Day bombings over France
  • Drexel Sprecher describes German documentation that could be used as evidence

    Oral History

    Drexel Sprecher was educated at the University of Wisconsin, the London School of Economics, and at the Harvard School of Law before receiving a position at the US Government's Labor Board in 1938. He enlisted in the American military after the United States declared war on Germany, and was posted to London. After the war, Sprecher served as a prosecutor of Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg trials.

    Drexel Sprecher describes German documentation that could be used as evidence
  • Drexel Sprecher describes reconstruction of the courtroom in Nuremberg

    Oral History

    Drexel Sprecher was educated at the University of Wisconsin, the London School of Economics, and at the Harvard School of Law before receiving a position at the US Government's Labor Board in 1938. He enlisted in the American military after the United States declared war on Germany, and was posted to London. After the war, Sprecher served as a prosecutor of Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg trials.

    Drexel Sprecher describes reconstruction of the courtroom in Nuremberg
  • Former prisoners of the "little camp" in Buchenwald

    Photo

    Former prisoners of the "little camp" in Buchenwald stare out from the wooden bunks in which they slept three to a "bed." Elie Wiesel is pictured in the second row of bunks, seventh from the left, next to the vertical beam. Abraham Hipler is pictured in the second row, fourth from the left. The man on the third bunk from the bottom, third from the left, is Ignacz (Isaac) Berkovicz. [He has also been identified as Abraham Baruch.] Michael Nikolas Gruner, originally from Hungary, is pictured on the bottom…

    Former prisoners of the "little camp" in Buchenwald
  • Voyage of the "St. Louis," May 13-June 17, 1939

    Map

    The plight of German-Jewish refugees, persecuted at home and unwanted abroad, is illustrated by the voyage of the SS "St. Louis." On May 13, 1939, the SS "St. Louis," a German ocean liner, left Germany with almost a thousand Jewish refugees on board. The refugees' destination was Cuba, but before their arrival the Cuban government revoked their permission to land. The "St. Louis" was forced to return to Europe in June 1939. However, Great Britain, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands agreed to accept the…

    Voyage of the "St. Louis," May 13-June 17, 1939
  • Resistance group in Buchenwald meets with US troops

    Photo

    Members of a resistance organization in the camp meet with American soldiers in front of the entrance to the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, after April 11, 1945. In early April 1945, as US forces approached the camp, the Germans began to evacuate some 28,000 prisoners from the main camp and an additional several thousand prisoners from the subcamps of Buchenwald. About a third of these prisoners died from exhaustion en route or shortly after arrival, or were shot by the SS. The…

    Resistance group in Buchenwald meets with US troops
  • Soviet POW camp Belzen bei Bergen

    Photo

    Photograph from a series taken by a guard in the Soviet prisoner-of-war camp of Belzen bei Bergen, and numbered in Roman numerals by the American officer, Lt. van Otten. The camp held approximately 10,000 POWs, most of whom came from Fallingbostel, 10 km away. When they fell ill, they were marched to Belsen. At Belsen, they were starved, often given only a soup made of field beets. This photo shows Soviet POWs assembled at the camp. Germany, 1941–45. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war…

    Soviet POW camp Belzen bei Bergen
  • Anne Frank: Amsterdam and deportation

    Map

    In July 1942, Anne Frank and her family went into hiding in Amsterdam until they were discovered and deported in 1944. View a map showing key locations.

    Anne Frank: Amsterdam and deportation
  • Lisa Nussbaum Derman and her family

    Photo

    Lisa Nussbaum and her family. From left to right: Pola (sister), Herschel (father), Borushek (brother) Gittel (mother), and Lisa (about 13 years old in this photograph). Lisa's father exported geese to Germany for a living. Photograph taken in Raczki, Poland, ca. 1939. With the end of World War II and collapse of the Nazi regime, survivors of the Holocaust faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. With little in the way of financial resources and few, if any, surviving family members, most…

    Lisa Nussbaum Derman and her family
  • German Railways and the Holocaust

    Article

    The European rail network played a crucial role in the implementation of the Final Solution. Millions were deported by rail to killing centers and other sites.

    German Railways and the Holocaust
  • Gross-Rosen

    Article

    Learn about the Gross-Rosen camp, including its establishment, prisoner population, subcamps, forced labor, and liberation.

    Tags: camps
    Gross-Rosen
  • Einsatzgruppen and other SS and Police Units in the Soviet Union

    Article

    Learn more about how and why Nazi German SS and police units, including the Einsatzgruppen, perpetrated mass killings of Jews in the occupied-Soviet Union.

    Einsatzgruppen and other SS and Police Units in the Soviet Union
  • Lend-Lease

    Article

    Learn more about the Lend-Lease Act, which was the American policy that extended material aid to the WWII Allied powers from 1941-1945.

    Lend-Lease
  • Ravensbrück: Key Dates

    Article

    Explore a timeline of the history of the Ravensbrück camp in the Nazi camp system from its establishment in 1938 until the last of the Ravensbrück trials in 1966.

    Ravensbrück: Key Dates
  • Sonia Orbuch

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Sonia Orbuch.

    Sonia Orbuch
  • Faye Schulman

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Faye Schulman.

    Faye Schulman
  • Cinecittà Displaced Persons Camp

    Article

    After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Cinecittà DP camp.

    Cinecittà Displaced Persons Camp
  • Joe and Rose Holm

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Joe and Rose Holm.

    Joe and Rose Holm
  • Solomon Lapidus

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Solomon Lapidus.

    Solomon Lapidus
  • Benjamin Levin

    Article

    Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Benjamin Levin.

    Benjamin Levin
  • The 101st Airborne Division during World War II

    Article

    The 101st Airborne participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Kaufering subcamp of Dachau in 1945.

    The 101st Airborne Division during World War II
  • The 69th Infantry Division during World War II

    Article

    The 69th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp of Buchenwald in 1945.

  • The 82nd Airborne Division during World War II

    Article

    The 82nd Airborne Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Wöbbelin subcamp of Neuengamme in 1945.

    The 82nd Airborne Division during World War II
  • The 9th Armored Division during World War II

    Article

    The 9th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating Zwodau and Falkenau an der Eger, Flossenbürg subcamps, in 1945.

    The 9th Armored Division during World War II
  • Himmler Orders Deportation of Roma and Sinti to Auschwitz

    Timeline Event

    December 16, 1942. On this date, Heinrich Himmler issues an order that Roma and Sinti are to be deported to Auschwitz.

  • William (Bill) Lowenberg describes conditions in the Westerbork camp in the Netherlands

    Oral History

    As a boy, Bill attended school in Burgsteinfurt, a German town near the Dutch border. After the Nazis came to power in Germany in January 1933, Bill experienced increasing antisemitism and was once attacked on his way to Hebrew school by a boy who threw a knife at him. In 1936, he and his family left Germany for the Netherlands, where they had relatives and thought they would be safe. However, after Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, antisemitic legislation--including the order to wear the Jewish…

    Tags: Westerbork
    William (Bill) Lowenberg describes conditions in the Westerbork camp in the Netherlands
  • William (Bill) Lowenberg describes deportations from the Westerbork camp in the Netherlands

    Oral History

    As a boy, Bill attended school in Burgsteinfurt, a German town near the Dutch border. After the Nazis came to power in Germany in January 1933, Bill experienced increasing antisemitism and was once attacked on his way to Hebrew school by a boy who threw a knife at him. In 1936, he and his family left Germany for the Netherlands, where they had relatives and thought they would be safe. However, after Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, antisemitic legislation—including the order to wear the…

    William (Bill) Lowenberg describes deportations from the Westerbork camp in the Netherlands
  • Feiga Kisielnicki

    ID Card

    Feiga lived with her husband, Welwel, and their three children in the small, predominantly Jewish town of Kaluszyn, which was 35 miles east of Warsaw. The Kisielnickis were religious and spoke Yiddish in their home. Feiga was a housewife and her husband was a merchant who often traveled, by horse and wagon, to Warsaw on business. 1933-39: Germany recently invaded Poland, and several days ago, German forces fought Polish troops in a battle right here in Kaluszyn. Half the town, including Feiga's house, has…

    Feiga Kisielnicki
  • Jocheved Kuzda Kasher

    ID Card

    Jocheved, or Jadza as she was called at home, was born in the industrial city of Lodz, Poland's second-largest city. Before the war, one-third of Lodz's inhabitants were Jewish. The Kuzdas kept a traditional Jewish home and placed importance on their children's education. Jocheved had two older sisters, Sarah and Regina. 1933-39: Jocheved was 9 when the war broke out in September 1939. Instead of starting school, she stayed at home listening to the bombs exploding. Her father and sister tried to get to…

  • Vienna

    Article

    Nazi Germany annexed Austria in March 1938. Learn about Austria’s capital, Vienna, which at the time was home to a large and vibrant Jewish community.

    Vienna
  • The 45th Infantry Division during World War II

    Article

    The 45th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Dachau concentration camp in 1945.

    The 45th Infantry Division during World War II
  • Life After the Holocaust: Thomas Buergenthal

    Article

    After WWII and the fall of the Nazi regime, Holocaust survivors faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives. Listen to Thomas Buergenthal's story.

    Life After the Holocaust: Thomas Buergenthal
  • Herzogenbusch Main Camp (Vught)

    Article

    The Herzogenbusch concentration camp in the Netherlands began functioning in January 1943. Learn about its establishment, administration, prisoners, and conditions there.

    Herzogenbusch Main Camp (Vught)

Thank you for supporting our work

We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies, Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation, the Claims Conference, EVZ, and BMF for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of donor acknowledgement.