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Why did the United States go to war? What did Americans know about the “Final Solution”? How did Americans respond to news about the Holocaust? Learn more.
Read a detailed timeline of the Holocaust and World War II. Learn about key dates and events from 1933-45 as Nazi antisemitic policies became more radical.
The fenced perimeter and an entrance to the women's camp at Wöbbelin. Photograph taken May 4–6, 1945.
A hospital ward in Kielce after a postwar pogrom. Kielce, Poland, July 6, 1946.
The three principal partners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. Learn more about the Axis powers in WW2.
Explore images related to the June 6, 1944, Allied invasion of Normandy—commonly known as “D-Day."
A woman mourns by the coffins of Jews who died in the Kielce pogrom. Poland, July 6, 1946.
German troops during the invasion of Yugoslavia, which began on April 6, 1941.
American residents of Japanese ancestry wait with their luggage for transportation during relocation, San Francisco, California, April 6, 1942.
Learn about the Freiburg subcamp of Flossenbürg, including its establishment, prisoner population, and conditions there.
After the Holocaust, the IMT charged the first case of “incitement to genocide.” Learn more about the crime and its application in modern genocide law.
Explore a timeline of key events during 1941 in the history of Nazi Germany, World War II, and the Holocaust.
Learn more about the 1936 German Supreme Court decision on the Nuremberg Race Laws.
The Lachwa ghetto was established in Łachwa, Poland in April, 1942. Learn more about the ghetto and uprising.
The Oranienburg concentration camp was established as one of the first concentration camps in Nazi Germany on March 21, 1933. Learn more
Photograph of Regina (Renia) taken on June 2, 1945, in Lodz, Poland.
18 African Americans (16 men and 2 women) competed in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. This was three times the number who had competed in the 1932 Los Angeles Games. The African American athletes on the 1936 US Olympic team brought home 14...
Affidavit signed by Rudolf Hoess attesting to the gassing of Jews while he was the commandant of the Auschwitz killing center. The German text reads: "I declare herewith under oath that in the years 1941 to 1943 during my tenure in office as commandant of Auschwitz Concentration Camp 2 million Jews were put to death by gassing and a 1/2 million by other means. Rudolf Hoess. May 14, 1946." The confession is also signed by Josef Maier of the US Chief of Counsel's office. A photoreproduction of the original…
Explore a timeline of key events during 1940 in the history of Nazi Germany, World War II, and the Holocaust.
Learn more about the end of Nazi tyranny in Europe and the liberation of camps and other sites of Nazi crimes. This article includes dates of liberation of some of the camps.
April 6, 1994. On the date, the Rwandan Genocide began when a plane carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana was shot down.
Listing of the 24 leading Nazi officials indicted at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Learn about the defendants and the charges against them.
An August 6, 1972, Washington Post article about former concentration camp guard Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan, entitled "From a Dark Past, A Ghost the U.S. Won't Allow to Rest".
The IG Farben defendants hear the indictments against them before the start of the trial, case #6 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. May 5, 1947.
Einsatzstab Rosenberg looted materials of Jewish culture like these books found stacked in the cellar of the Nazi Institute for the Investigation of the Jewish Question. Frankfurt am Main, Germany, July 6, 1945.
Troops of the American 82nd Airborne Division view bodies of inmates at Wöbbelin, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, May 6, 1945.
US soldiers view the bodies of prisoners found in the newly liberated Ohrdruf concentration camp. Ohrdruf, Germany, April 6, 1945.
US troops with the 82nd Airborne Division look on as Germans are forced to exhume corpses from a mass grave. Wöbbelin, Germany, May 6, 1945.
Gavra Mandil celebrates his fourth birthday with his parents, Mosa and Gabriela, and sister Irena. Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, September 6, 1940.
Survivors of the Wöbbelin camp wait for evacuation to an American field hospital where they will receive medical attention. Germany, May 4-6, 1945.
Corpses of prisoners killed in the Gunskirchen camp. Gunskirchen was one of the many subcamps of the Mauthausen camp. It was liberated by US forces in early May 1945. Gunskirchen, Austria, photo taken between May 6 and May 15, 1945.
A US flag hangs from the ceiling of the main dining room at the Landsberg displaced persons camp. Germany, December 6, 1945.
View of the destroyed Jewish cemetery in German-occupied Salonika. The tombstones would be used as building materials. Salonika, Greece, after December 6, 1942.
Identification pictures of a prisoner, accused of homosexuality, who arrived at the Auschwitz camp on June 6, 1941. He died there a year later. Auschwitz, Poland.
American Legion officials touring Germany and Austria pass through the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, near Nordhausen. Germany, after June 6, 1945.
Assault troops in a landing craft approach Omaha Beach on D-Day. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
US troops wade through the surf on their arrival at the Normandy beaches on D-Day. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
US troops pull the survivors of a sunken craft on to the shores of the Normandy beaches on D-Day. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
British troops land on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day, the beginning of the Allied invasion of France to establish a second front against German forces in Europe. Normandy, France, June 6, 1944.
On April 14, 1945, the US 102nd Infantry Division uncovered the site of a hideous massacre of concentration camp prisoners outside the town of Gardelegen.
Paul Klee was a German-Swiss painter and graphic artist who taught at the Bauhaus. His art was targeted in the Nazi book burnings and “Degenerate Art” exhibition.
Canadian troops of the 'B' Company, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment take cover on June 6, 1944, or D-Day.
Hajj Amin al-Husayni claimed to speak for the Arab nation and the Muslim world and sought an alliance with the Axis powers during WWII. Learn more about his actions
Election poster reading "We workers have awakened: We’re voting National Socialist List 2 ," 1932.
Conscripts of Hungarian Labor Service Company VIII/2 at work laying railroad track. Huszt, Hungary, 1942.
Jewish child Hans van den Broeke (born Hans Culp) in hiding in the Netherlands. He is 2 years old in this photograph.
Entrance to the courtyard, marked with a Star of David, of a building designated for Jews. Budapest, Hungary, after April 2, 1944.
A mass marriage of 50 couples in Berlin. All of the couples belonged to the Nazi Party. Berlin, Germany, July 2, 1933.
During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of ultimately destroying Europe's Jews. Learn about the Vilna ghetto.
Jozef, also known as Josel, was one of six children born to Yiddish-speaking, religious Jewish parents in the town of Zvolen in central Poland. Jozef became a shoemaker and married a Jewish neighbor. After living in Warsaw for several years, Jozef and his wife, Hannah, settled in the industrial city of Radom near their hometown. There, they raised their three sons. 1933-39: Jozef's three sons finished school and went to work at a young age. Jozef had stopped making shoes himself and was cutting and…
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