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Learn about J Malan Heslop, one of the first Allied photographers in the Army Signal Corps to document evidence of Nazi crimes.
Army Signal Corps photographer Arnold E. Samuelson documented Allied military campaigns, Nazi crimes, and the plight of concentration camp prisoners.
After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Milan and Adriatica DP camps.
Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. The Nazis abhorred his new science and Jewish heritage. His works were burned in Germany in 1933. Learn more.
After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Bad Reichenhall DP camp.
In 1942, German authorities began to deport German and Austrian Jews to Theresienstadt. Learn about the administration of the camp-ghetto and Jews’ experiences.
Gunskirchen was a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. The camp was liberated by the 71st Infantry Division on May 4, 1945.
SS Colonel Franz Ziereis, commandant of the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria.
Emaciated survivors of the Mauthausen concentration camp soon after the liberation of the camp. Austria, May 1945.
The word antisemitism means prejudice against or hatred of Jews. The Holocaust is history’s most extreme example of antisemitism. Learn more.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Harry Burger.
The 26th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Gusen subcamp of Mauthausen in 1945.
On November 9–10, 1938, Nazi Party officials set off a series of violent pogroms against Jews in Germany and Austria. This event came to be known as the "Night of Broken Glass."
Hot food is served at the displaced persons camp on Arzbergerstrasse. Vienna, Austria, March 1946.
A Jewish man deported from Vienna, Austria, performs forced labor in the Opole Lubelskie ghetto. Poland, date uncertain.
Belongings of Jews who were deported from Vienna. Austria, 1941–42.
View of the Mauthausen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Austria, May 5-30, 1945.
The Wiener Graben quarry of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, photograph taken after the liberation of the camp.
A US soldier with liberated prisoners of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, May 1945.
Onlookers watch during the resettlement of Romani (Gypsy) families from Vienna. Austria, September–December 1939.
Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria arrive at the port of Shanghai. China, 1938–1939.
US Army and Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) representatives distribute milk to refugees. Vienna, Austria, October 26, 1945.
Prisoners from Austria, marked with triangles and identifying patches, in the Dachau concentration camp. Germany, April 1938.
After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Gabersee DP camp.
Jewish women and girls wearing the compulsory badge. Vienna, Austria, 1941.
Kindertransport refers to a series of rescue efforts between 1938 and 1940 that brought thousands of refugee children to Great Britain from Nazi Germany.
Explore a timeline of key events in the history of Nazi Germany during 1938.
The search for refuge frames both the years before the Holocaust and its aftermath. Learn about obstacles refugees faced when searching for safe havens.
After the devastation of WWI, the victorious western powers imposed a series of treaties upon the defeated nations. Learn about the treaties and their impact.
Learn more about the history of Yugoslavia before World War II and the Axis invasion of 1941.
Throughout history Jews have faced prejudice and discrimination, known as antisemitism. Learn more about the long history of antisemitism.
Following World War II, several hundred thousand Jewish survivors remained in camps for displaced persons. The Allies established such camps in Allied-occupied Germany, Austria, and Italy for refugees waiting to leave Europe. Most Jewish DPs preferred to emigrate to Palestine but many also sought entry into the United States. They decided to remain in the DP camps until they could leave Europe. At the end of 1946 the number of Jewish DPs was estimated at 250,000, of whom 185,000 were in Germany, 45,000 in…
When Adolf Hitler came to power in January 1933, Germany was potentially one of the strongest powers in Europe. Hitler was determined to overturn the remaining military and territorial provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, which had followed World War I. He aimed to include German-speaking people in the Reich as a preliminary step toward the restoration of German power and the creation of a German empire in Europe. Large numbers of German-speaking people lived in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.…
Racial antisemitism is the discriminatory idea that Jews are a separate and inferior race. This type of antisemitism dates back to the late 1800s.
Before the Nazi rise to power, the countries of Europe had varied and vibrant Jewish communities. By 1945, two out of every three European Jews had been killed.
The 80th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating Buchenwald and the Ebensee subcamp of Mauthausen in 1945.
In the 1930s, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and the British government pursued a policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany to avoid war. Learn more.
On November 9–10, 1938, Nazi Party officials set off a series of violent pogroms against Jews in Germany and Austria. This event came to be known as the "Night of Broken Glass."
Jewish orphans after the Holocaust are fitted with shoes from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), en route to Allied occupation zones in Germany and Austria. Prague, Czechoslovakia, August 25, 1946.
Corpses found when US troops liberated the Gusen camp, a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, after May 12, 1945.
Prisoners at the time of liberation of the Ebensee camp, a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. This photograph was taken by US Army Signal Corps photographer Arnold E. Samuelson. Austria, May 7, 1945.
Four emaciated survivors sit outside in the newly liberated Ebensee concentration camp. Photograph taken by Signal Corps photographer J Malan Heslop. Ebensee, Austria, May 8, 1945.
Viennese pedestrians view a large Nazi sign posted on a restaurant window informing the public that this business is run by an organization of the Nazi Party and that Jews are not welcome. Vienna, Austria, March-April 1938.
Jewish refugees, part of Brihah—the postwar flight of Jews—in line at a relief center. They are en route to the Allied occupation zones in Germany and Austria. Nachod, Czechoslovakia, 1946.
Jewish displaced persons receive food aid from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), at the Bindermichl displaced persons camp in the US zone. Linz, Austria, date uncertain.
A Jewish refugee girl from Vienna, Austria, upon arrival in Harwich after her arrival in England on a Kindertransport. United Kingdom, December 12, 1938.
The holy ark in the sanctuary of the Seitenstetten Street synagogue, demolished during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Vienna, Austria, after November 9, 1938.
Jewish refugee children—part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport)—from Vienna, Austria, arrive at Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
After the Anschluss (German annexation of Austria), Austrian Jewish refugees disembark from the Italian steamship Conte Verde. Shanghai, China, December 14, 1938.
Harry Weinsaft of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee gives food to a young Jewish refugee. Vienna, Austria, postwar.
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