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Karl Höcker’s album shows him in close contact to the main perpetrators at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Learn about his 1963 trial and the significance of his album.
Explore an outline of the main definitional elements of the crime of genocide and how significant aspects of the law have developed through recent cases.
Learn more about the Law for the Imposition and Implementation of the Death Penalty, which the Nazis enacted after the Reichstag Fire Decree in 1933.
Originally a subcamp of Buchenwald, Dora-Mittelbau became the center of an extensive network of forced-labor camps for the production of V-2 missiles and other weapons.
The Pohl Case was Case #4 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
The Ministries Case was Case #11 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
Why did the United States go to war? What did Americans know about the “Final Solution”? How did Americans respond to news about the Holocaust? Learn more.
Explore key dates in the history of the Theresienstadt camp/ghetto, which served multiple purposes during its existence from 1941-45.
Beginning on August 9, SS and police units liquidate the Lodz ghetto.
View of the Vught transit camp. Vught, the Netherlands, after September 9, 1944.
Headquarters of the SS chief at 9 Prince Albert Street. Berlin, Germany, date uncertain.
Often referred to as the “eastern front,” the German-Soviet theater of war was the largest and deadliest of World War II. Learn more about the background and key events.
After the Holocaust, the IMT charged the first case of “incitement to genocide.” Learn more about the crime and its application in modern genocide law.
In 1939, the Nazis established the Mannschafts-Stammlager (Stalag) IX B camp in Germany. Learn more about the camp’s history, prisoners, and liberation.
On November 9–10, 1938, Nazi Party officials set off a series of violent pogroms against Jews in Germany and Austria. This event came to be known as the "Night of Broken Glass."
Alexander G. Hardy, associate counsel for the prosecution, during the Doctors Trial. Nuremberg, Germany, December 9, 1946-August 20, 1947.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German Protestant theologian who was executed in the Flossenbürg concentration camp on April 9, 1945. Germany, date uncertain.
Defendant Paul Blobel at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, case #9 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings.
The synagogue in Oberramstadt (a town in southwestern Germany) burns during Kristallnacht. Oberramstadt, Germany, November 9-10, 1938.
Troops supporting Hitler arrive in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch on November 9, 1923.
A view of the housing for Jewish displaced persons (DPs) at the Wetzlar DP camp in Germany, September 9, 1948.
Leaders at the Wetzlar displaced persons (DP) camp hold a meeting to discuss current happenings and improvements for the camp, September 9, 1948.
Learn about Fürstengrube subcamp of Auschwitz, including its establishment, administration, prisoner population, and forced labor and conditions in the camp.
Read a detailed timeline of the Holocaust and World War II. Learn about key dates and events from 1933-45 as Nazi antisemitic policies became more radical.
Explore a timeline of key events during 1944 in the history of Nazi Germany, World War II, and the Holocaust.
September 5, 1942. On this date, Germans issued this poster announcing the death penalty for anyone found aiding Jews who fled the Warsaw ghetto.
Heinrich Himmler was the leader of the dreaded SS of the Nazi Party from 1929 until 1945. Learn more about key dates in the life of Heinrich Himmler.
May 15-July 9, 1944. On this date, Hungarian officials (under guidance from the German SS) deported some 440,000 Hungarian Jews.
In 1940, the Nazis established Lublin (Majdanek) concentration camp in Lublin, Poland. Learn more about camp administration.
One of the oldest cities in Poland, Kalisz played a pivotal role in Polish Jewish history. Learn about the Jewish Community in Kalisz from the 12th Century to WWI.
On March 11, 1943, over 3,000 of Monastir’s Jews were deported to Treblinka. Learn more about the history of the community and postwar memorialization.
The Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), created by Heinrich Himmler, brutally coordinated and perpetrated many aspects of the Holocaust.
On November 9–10, 1938, Nazi Party officials set off a series of violent pogroms against Jews in Germany and Austria. This event came to be known as the "Night of Broken Glass."
The program cover for "We Will Never Die" featured Arthur Szyk’s "Tears of Rage" artwork. The cover's original dimensions are: 12 1/16" x 9 1/16" x 3/16.
The prosecution team during the Doctors' Trial. Nuremberg, Germany, December 9, 1946-August 20, 1947.
Chief Prosecutor James M. McHaney during the Doctors' Trial. Nuremberg, Germany, December 9, 1946-August 20, 1947.
Installation of the railcar at the construction site of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC, February 9, 1991.
Antisemitic graffiti on a shop window: "The Jewish parasite sold Norway on the 9th of April." April 9 was the day of the German invasion in 1940. Norway, ca. 1940.
A Hanukkah party for Jewish children at the Fuerth displaced persons camp. Gifts were contributed by families of Americans stationed at the Nuremberg military post. Germany, December 9, 1947.
Soviet soldiers in a street in the Soviet occupation zone of Berlin following the defeat of Germany. Berlin, Germany, after May 9, 1945.
Soviet soldiers in the Soviet occupation zone of Berlin following the defeat of Nazi Germany. Berlin, Germany, after May 9, 1945.
View of the Prinzregenten Street synagogue. It was destroyed by fire during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") pogrom. Berlin, Germany, November 9-10, 1938.
Local residents watch the burning of the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery in Graz during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Graz, Austria, November 9–10, 1938.
The Neue Weltgasse synagogue burns during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") pogrom. Vienna, Austria, November 9, 1938.
The holy ark in the sanctuary of the Seitenstetten Street synagogue, demolished during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Vienna, Austria, after November 9, 1938.
Morris Laub (right), American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee director for Cyprus, reviews supplies sent for the 12,000 Jews still interned on the island. Cyprus, December 9, 1948.
Some of the "Tehran Children," Polish Jewish refugees, study Hebrew in a Jewish National Fund youth village near Jerusalem. Palestine, March 9, 1943.
Photo of Peter Feigl, a Jewish child hidden in the Protestant village Le Chambon-sur-Lignon. Le Chambon, France, August 9, 1943.
Close-up street portrait of Dawid Samoszul, probably taken in Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland, between 1936 and 1938. Dawid was killed in the Treblinka killing center at the age of 9.
Chief Prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, Case #9 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. Photograph taken in Nuremberg, Germany, between July 29, 1947, and April 10, 1948.
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