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The charges against German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, negotiator of the German-Soviet Pact, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Brief overview of the charges against Fritz Sauckel, Nazi general plenipotentiary for labour deployment, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Brief overview of the charges against Hjalmar Schacht during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, and denazification court proceedings.
Brief overview of the charges against Baldur von Schirach, Hitler Youth leader and Nazi leader in Vienna, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Brief overview of the charges against Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reich Commissioner for the occupied Netherlands, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Architect Albert Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1930, becoming Hitler's personal architect. He was later Minister of Armaments and Munitions in Nazi Germany.
Brief overview of the charges against Julius Streicher, founder of the racist and antisemitic paper Der Stürmer, at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Brief overview of the charges against Wilhelm Keitel, German Armed Forces High Command leader, during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
June 18-22, 1944. On this date, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler's firsthand account of Auschwitz went public worldwide.
Born to Roman Catholic parents in Poland, Jozef Wilk was a teenager when Germany invaded in 1939. Jozef left for Warsaw and joined a special unit of the Polish resistance. During the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising, Joz...
Proclamation issued on February 18, 1943, by the Imperial Japanese Army and Nazy authorities establishing, for reasons of "military necessity," a "designated area" for "stateless refugees" in the Hongkew area of the International Settlement. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]
(Bottom) In a drawing dated April 18, 1942, Beifeld shows the school where the Hungarian Labor Service company 109/13 was quartered in Csobanka (Szentendre district), Hungary, before its departure for the Ukraine. A group of Hungarian soldiers [assigned to the labor service company] sits outside in the schoolyard. [Photograph #57947]
Panel from the exhibition A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2006–18. The exhibition explored the continuing impact of the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times.
A Polish former inmate of Auschwitz identifies Oswald Pohl while on the stand for the prosecution during the Pohl/WVHA trial. This trial, case #4 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings, took place in a room in the Palace of Justice which was not the main courtroom. Nuremberg, Germany, April 18, 1947.
The commanding general of the 9th Armored Division (third from right), and members of the division who won the Distinguished Service Cross pose with the sign placed on the Ludendorff Bridge after its capture. US Army Signal Corps photograph taken by W. Spangle on September 18, 1945, several months after the bridge was captured.
An American medic and soldier stand by the corpse of a prisoner shot on the road near Gardelegen. The prisoner was shot by the SS when he was too exhausted to continue on a death march. Germany, April 14-18, 1945.
A US soldier stands guard as mayors and citizens of local towns view the corpses of inmates of the Rottleberode subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau, who were killed when the SS locked them in a barn and set it on fire. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
An American soldier kneels by the corpse of a prisoner on the roadside near Gardelegen. The prisoner was shot by the SS when he was too exhausted to continue on a death march. Germany, April 14-18, 1945.
Burned bodies of former prisoners of Rottleberode, a subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau, lie near the entrance to a barn that had been set on fire by SS troops while the prisoners were on a death march. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
Three German mayors view the corpse of a prisoner burned alive in a barn by the SS while on a death march from Rottleberode, a subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
Passengers on the deck of the refugee ship Exodus 1947 in Haifa. British forces returned them to displaced persons camps in Germany, dramatizing the plight of Holocaust survivors attempting to enter Palestine. Haifa, Palestine, July 18, 1947.
Elie Wiesel (right) with his wife and son during the Faith in Humankind conference, held several years before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. September 18–19, 1984, in Washington, DC.
American radio journalists view corpses in the Buchenwald concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Germany, April 18, 1945. Pictured from left to right are, Lowell Thomas (NBC); Howard Barnes (WOR); and George Hamilton Combs (WHN).
Learn more about the 1943 Tunisia campaign, a four-month long struggle between Allied and Axis powers in North Africa during World War II.
Yitzhak Gitterman was a director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Poland and a member of the underground Jewish Fighting Organization.
The Allied powers made major modifications to the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg to accommodate the postwar International Military Tribunal. See photos and read more.
Martin Bormann, close assistant to Adolf Hitler, furthered an array of Nazi policies. He was tried in absentia during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Brief overview of the charges against Hermann Göring, highest ranking Nazi official tried during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Mira Shelub.
Nazi ideologue Alfred Rosenberg was found guilty at the postwar trial of leading Nazi officials, and was sentenced to death. Learn more about his roles.
After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Deggendorf DP camp.
German police execute a group of Poles at the edge of the Uzbornia Grove just outside of Bochnia. Altogether, 51 residents of Bochnia and the vicinity were shot in reprisal for an assault on a German police station by members of the Polish underground organization "Orzel Bialy" (White Eagle) on 16 December 1939. Bochnia, Krakow, Poland, December 18, 1939.
Two emaciated female Jewish survivors of a death march lie in an American military field hospital in Volary, Czechoslovakia. Pictured on the left is seventeen-year-old Nadzi Rypsztajn.The original caption reads "This girl, only seventeen years old, was forced to march 18 miles a day for 30 days on one bowl of soup a day. The 5th Infantry Division of the U.S. Third Army found 150 in the same condition when they entered Volary, Czechoslovakia."
Cigarette card portraying some of the American track and field athletes who competed in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans. Cigarette cards were collectible cards often included in packages of cigarettes into the 1940s.
African American athlete Archie Williams competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter race. The US team was the second largest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games with 312 members, including 18 African Americans.
Sergeant Leon Bass and other members of the all African-American 183rd unit witnessed Buchenwald several days after liberation.
The trauma of WWI would profoundly shape the attitudes and actions of both leaders and ordinary people during the Holocaust. Learn more about the war and its aftermath.
In October 1945, the chief prosecutors of the International Military Trial brought charges against 24 leading German officials. Learn more about who was put on trial.
18 African Americans (16 men and 2 women) competed in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. This was three times the number who had competed in the 1932 Los Angeles Games. The African American athletes on the 1936 US Olympic team brought home 14...
The plight of Jewish refugees aboard the Exodus 1947 captured the world's attention and symbolized the struggle for unrestricted immigration into Palestine.
Salonika, Greece was invaded and occupied by the Nazis in 1941. Learn more about the fate of the Jews in Salonika during World War II.
The Justice Case was Case #3 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
The Flick Case was Case #5 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Bernard Druskin.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Sara Fortis.
Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation's short biography of Sam Gruber.
May 15-18, 1944. On this date, German authorities deported over 7,000 Jews from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
World War I (1914–18) saw the first use of poison gas as a weapon of war. In this oil painting, John Singer Sargent depicted the aftermath of a mustard gas attack on British soldiers during a battle in August 1918. A line of soldiers, with bandaged eyes injured by the gas, hold on to one another as they are led to medical treatment. Around them are rows of other soldiers injured by the effects of the mustard gas, which could cause injuries such as burns and temporary blindness. © IWM (Art.IWM ART…
The 6th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1945.
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