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Burned bodies of former prisoners of Rottleberode, a subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau, lie near the entrance to a barn that had been set on fire by SS troops while the prisoners were on a death march. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
A Romani (Gypsy) victim of Nazi medical experiments to make seawater safe to drink. Dachau concentration camp, Germany, 1944.
Clothing belonging to Jewish victims murdered by the SS at the nearby Babyn Yar killing site. Prior to the mass shootings, the SS ordered Jews to undress and leave their belongings. They then marched or drove the victims to the killing site. A German photographer took this image within days of the mass shootings. Kyiv (Kiev), German-occupied Soviet Union, after September 30, 1941.
US soldiers view bodies of victims of Kaufering, a network of subsidiary camps of the Dachau concentration camp. Landsberg-Kaufering, Germany, April 30, 1945.
A Romani (Gypsy) victim of Nazi medical experiments to make seawater safe to drink. Dachau concentration camp, Germany, 1944.
One of many warehouses at Auschwitz in which the Germans stored clothing belonging taken from victims of the camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 1945.
Set of tefillin in an embroidered bag. Tefillin are ritual objects worn by religious Jews during weekday morning prayers. This set was found on the body of a death march victim, who was buried near Regensburg, Germany.
Victims of German SS and Hungarian Arrow Cross terror in the Budapest ghetto. The bodies were found in the courtyard of the Pestor synagogue on Dohany Street. Budapest, Hungary, January 1945.
Troops of the American 82nd Airborne Division view bodies of inmates at Wöbbelin, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, May 6, 1945.
Generals Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley view corpses of inmates at Ohrdruf, a subcamp of Buchenwald. Germany, April 12, 1945.
A Jewish child is forced to show the scar left after SS physicians removed his lymph nodes. This child was one of 20 Jewish children injected with tuberculosis germs as part of a medical experiment. All were murdered on April 20, 1945. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, between December 1944 and February 1945.
US soldiers discovered these boxcars loaded with dead prisoners outside the Dachau camp. Here, they force German boys—believed to be members of the Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend; HJ)—to view the atrocity. Dachau, Germany, April 30, 1945.
The Medical Case was one of 12 war crimes trials held before an American tribunal as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. On trial were doctors and nurses who had participated in the killing of physically and mentally impaired Germans and who had performed medical experiments on people imprisoned in concentration camps. Here, concentration camp survivors Maria Kusmierczuk and Jadwiga Dzido, who had been victims of these experiments, show their injuries to the court as evidence.
German civilians from Schwarzenfeld dig graves for the reburial of 140 Hungarian, Russian, and Polish Jews exhumed from a mass grave near the town. The victims died while on an evacuation transport from the Flossenbürg concentration camp. Schwarzenfeld, Germany, April 25, 1945. Following the discovery of death march victims, US Army officers forced local Germans to view the scene of the crime and ordered the townspeople to give the victims a proper burial.
United Nations personnel vaccinate an 11-year-old concentration camp survivor who was a victim of medical experiments at the Auschwitz camp. Photograph taken in the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp, Germany, May 1946.
German civilians from the town of Nammering, under orders of American military authorities, dig graves for victims of a death march from the Buchenwald concentration camp. Germany, May 1945.
Under orders of the US First Army, German civilians prepare to use a stretcher to remove corpses of victims of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, near Nordhausen. Germany, April 13–14, 1945.
An SS guard examines piles of clothing belonging to the more than 33,000 Jews murdered at the nearby Babyn Yar killing site. The SS forced the victims to undress and leave their belongings behind. The Jews were then marched or driven to the shooting site. Kyiv (Kiev), German-occupied Soviet Union, after September 30, 1941.
SS men search through massive piles of clothing belonging to the more than 33,000 Jews murdered at the nearby Babyn Yar killing site. The SS forced the victims to undress and leave their belongings behind. The Jews were then marched or driven to the shooting site. Kyiv (Kiev), German-occupied Soviet Union, after September 30, 1941.
African American soldiers of the US Army escort German civilians through a site where camp prisoners were massacred during a death march from Buchenwald. Such tours forced Germans to recognize the crimes committed by the SS. Near Nammering, Germany, 1945.
Under orders from officers of the US 8th Infantry Division, German civilians from Schwerin attend funeral services for 80 prisoners killed at the Wöbbelin concentration camp. The townspeople were ordered to bury the prisoners' corpses in the town square. Germany, May 8, 1945.
A US soldier stands guard as mayors and citizens of local towns view the corpses of inmates of the Rottleberode subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau, who were killed when the SS locked them in a barn and set it on fire. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
Three German mayors view the corpse of a prisoner burned alive in a barn by the SS while on a death march from Rottleberode, a subcamp of Dora-Mittelbau. Gardelegen, Germany, April 18, 1945.
Behind the number of victims of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution are people whose hopes and dreams were destroyed. Learn about the toll of Nazi policies.
German civilians conscripted from nearby towns dig graves for some of the victims of the Ohrdruf camp. Ohrdruf, Germany, April 1945.
Under the supervision of the US First Army, German civilians from Nordhausen carry victims of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp to mass graves. Germany, April 14, 1945.
German civilians from the town of Nordhausen carry the bodies of prisoners found in the Nordhausen concentration camp to mass graves for burial. Nordhausen, Germany, April 13-14, 1945.
Einsatzgruppen, often called “mobile killing units,” are best known for their role in the murder of Jews in mass shooting operations during the Holocaust.
Brandenburg was one of six killing centers the Nazis established to murder patients with disabilities under the so-called "euthanasia" program.
The Medical Case, or Doctors Trial, was Case #1 of 12 Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings against leading German industrialists, military figures, SS perpetrators, and others.
The Nazis used public humiliation tactics to degrade their victims and to reinforce Nazi racial ideology for German citizens and populations under Nazi occupation.
January 27, anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, is designated by the United Nations General Assembly as International Holocaust Remembrance Day (IHRD).
Groups of prisoners known as Sonderkommandos were forced to perform a variety of duties in the Nazi camp system, including in the gas chambers and crematoria.
From 1945 to 1947, the US Army tried a variety of officials, camp personnel, and German civilians accused of war crimes and mass atrocities against Allied civilians and prisoners of war.
Now a national memorial site, the Ardeatine Caves outside Rome were the site of a German reprisal for a bombing by Italian resistance operatives in March 1944.
Almost one third of the six million Holocaust victims were murdered in mass shootings.
The Chelmno killing center was the first stationary facility where poison gas was used for mass murder of Jews. Killing operations began there in December 1941.
The Nazis used poisonous gas to murder millions of people in gas vans or stationary gas chambers. The vast majority of those killed by gassing were Jews.
The Nazis established killing centers in German-occupied Europe to mass murder Jews. Learn more about what happened to Jewish people at these killing centers.
American soldiers walk along an open mass grave for the of victims of the Nordhausen concentration camp. US army officers ordered the residents of Nordhauen to prepare the grave for the burial of the victims. Nordhausen, Germany, April 13–14, 1945.
The Nazi Euthanasia Program, codenamed Aktion "T4," was the systematic murder of institutionalized people with disabilities. Read about Nazi “euthanasia.”
Bernburg was the fifth of six centralized killing centers established by German authorities within the context of the Nazi “euthanasia,” or T4, program.
Explore definitions, connotations, and evolving considerations when using the term bystanders in the range of behaviors and motivations during the Holocaust.
The Nazis established killing centers in German-occupied Europe during WWII. They built these killing centers for the mass murder of human beings.
Excerpts from Elie Wiesel's addresses during US Holocaust Memorial Museum Days of Remembrance commemorations in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
Transcript of 2004 remarks delivered by Elie Wiesel, at a convening of the Darfur Emergency Summit, calling attention to atrocities in Sudan.
Photograph of seven-year-old Jacqueline Morgenstern in Paris, France, 1940. Jacqueline was later a victim of tuberculosis medical experiments at the Neuengamme concentration camp. The SS took 20 of the children who had been victims of medical experiments at Neuengamme to a school building in Hamburg. Situated on Bullenhuser Damm, this location was a subcamp of Neuengamme. Jacqueline and the other children in the group (10 boys and 10 girls, all Jewish) were killed there.
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